Summary of Literature Review on Dividends - 2145 Words

Assignment 1 Examined topic or field of the literature review article The article is called Dividend policy: A review of Theories and Empirical Evidence. In this article, the main theories on dividend policy are described and their credibility is evaluated. Connection between the reviewed paper and my research proposal According to my research proposal, the master thesis topic will be â€Å"Comparative analysis of companies’ dividend policy: international perspective†. Therefore, the literature review on dividend policy has a direct connection to my research proposal. There are several factors that explain this connection. First of all, any master thesis has to start with a literature review of existing studies in the studied area†¦show more content†¦Initially, investors received not only the dividends but also their initial investment each time the ship voyage was successful. Eventually, the initial investment was no longer returned after each voyage. Instead, investors would receive a dividend from their initial investment after each successful voyage. At a certain point, this form of financing business activities transferred onto other business activities. Dividend payout played a very important role which was much greater than the role of capital gains income because investors did not fully trust reports (which were not very reliable at that time) and wanted to avoid risk associated with the uncertainty of share prices. These works are not as important as other works because in my master thesis I am planning to analyze the contemporary situation and not the historical perspective, however they are useful for general knowledge and also some of these information should be placed in the master thesis. 4. The works describing and analyzing the key dividend theories These works can be further divided into subgroups, depending on which theory they describe and analyze: Dividend Irrelevance Hypothesis a) Modigliani, Franco, and Merton H. Miller, 1958, The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment, American Economic Review 48, 261-297. High dividends increase stock valueShow MoreRelatedData Analysis : A Critical Analysis Of The 2008 Financial Crisis1054 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture researchers hence should be seen as the first retail based research on the LSE in relation to the effect of 2008 financial crisis on dividend policy. Hence, these study limitations provide some interesting ideas for further research. In the future, some of the limitations could be solved by examining the impact of the financial crisis on the dividend payment policy on a greater scale. Thus, a suggestion for future research could be to increase the sample size by including more firms, for exampleRead MoreReview on Kaplan and Zingales Research Paper About Relationship Between Investment Cash Flow and Financial Constraint1067 Words   |  5 PagesReview and Evaluation on ‘Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints’ by Kaplan and Zingales (QJE,1997) The research paper written by Steven N. Kaplan and Luigi Zingales as titled above which was published in year 1997 is to test the relationship linking investment-cash flow with financial constraint. In their research, they found that firm with a low level of financial constraint have a tendency to have a high investment-cash flow sensitivity. HoweverRead MoreA Brief Note On The Worlds Largest Medical Technology Company1083 Words   |  5 Pagesbillion in 2013(Y-Charts, 2014). The stock price of Medtronic has increased in value by 13.41% since July of 2013. The forward annual dividend yield is 1.90% and there are 995.76 million shares outstanding (Medtronic, 2013). The dividend payments for Medtronic are currently $.305 cents per share, the dividend payments have been steadily climbing. In 2010 the dividend payment was only $.205 per share. Medtronic’s net profit margin is 20.9% compared to the healthcare industry standard of 16.99% (NYSERead MoreDividends Policy and Common Stock Prices9330 Words   |  38 Pageshow much a company should pay its stockholders, as dividend is one that has been of concern to managers for a long time. The optimal dividend policy of a firm may be defined as the one that increases shareholders wealth by the greatest amount. It is therefore necessary, to understand the nature of the relationship between dividend and value of the firm. It is in the light of this that the study examines the possible effects of a firm’s dividend policy on the market price of its common stock withRead MoreQuestions On Arbitrage Pricing Theory1493 Words   |  6 Pagesreasonable list of factors. First, we want to restrict ourselves to a limited number of systematic factors with considerable ability to explain security returns.† Arbitrage Pricing Theory 1. Introduction †¢ Brief background on the subject from the literature Ever since Ross (1976) proposed the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) as an alternative to the capital pricing model, many economists and investors have applied APT across different markets. Whereas the traditional capital pricing model explainedRead MoreDividend Policy : Review Of Theories2650 Words   |  11 PagesDividend Policy – Review of Theories Introduction Dividend policy refers to the payout policy that a company follows in determining the size and pattern of distributions to shareholders over time. Distribution of cash to shareholders by either payment of dividends and repurchase of shares has been a hotly debated topic amongst scholars. There exists many answers to an optimal dividend policy that satisfies both shareholders and management. With this the company generally faces two operational choicesRead MoreCorporate Finance Practices in Frontier Markets and Malawis Economic Development3233 Words   |  13 Pagesfrontier markets: Empirical evidence companies listed Malawi Stock Exchange Literature review 1. Introduction to the literature review chapter The literature review chapter is designed to provide relevant input from the specialized literature on the topic of corporate frontier markets, with emphasis on four specific elements, namely the capital budgeting practices, the cost capital, the capital structure and the dividend policy. The current section is constructed with in depth research into theRead MoreSamuelson’s Dictum and the Stock Market5657 Words   |  23 Pagesthe dictum that the stock market is ‘‘micro efï ¬ cient’’ but ‘‘macro inefï ¬ cient.’’ That is, the efï ¬ cient markets hypothesis works much better for individual stocks than it does for the aggregate stock market. In this article, we review a strand of evidence in recent literature that supports Samuelson’s dictum and present one simple test, based on a regression and a simple scatter diagram, that vividly illustrates the truth in Samuelson’s dictum for the U.S. stock market data since 1926. (JEL G14) IRead MoreSamuelsons Dictum and the Stock Market5643 Words   |  23 Pagesthe dictum that the stock market is ‘‘micro efï ¬ cient’’ but ‘‘macro inefï ¬ cient.’’ That is, the efï ¬ cient markets hypothesis works much better for individual stocks than it does for the aggregate stock market. In this article, we review a strand of evidence in recent literature that supports Samuelson’s dictum and present one simple test, based on a regression and a simple scatter diagram, that vividly illustrates the truth in Samuelson’s dictum for the U.S. stock market data since 1926. (JEL G14) Read MoreWm Wrigleys Jr Company Case Study2798 Words   |  12 Pagesissuance of $3bn debt. It explores two alternate means of allocation for the funds; pay out a one-time dividend or carry out a share repurchase. Both methods are analyzed in regards to an optimal capital structure and maximizing share holder value (value of the firm). A compilation of historical data and future predictions were used for the basis of this report, and recommendations. Literature Review The following paper will draw on Modigliani and Miller’s (1958) theorem of capital structure to determine

V for Vendetta/ 1984 Comparison - 2315 Words

Comparative Essay Assignment 1984 And V for Vendetta George Washington once said, â€Å"Government is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.† George Orwell’s satirical novel 1984 is based on the life of Party member Winston Smith, a free thinker, and his battle to restore humanity that has been snatched from the residents of Oceani0a since the totalitarian rule of Big Brother. V for Vendetta, a satirical film directed by James McTeigue, revolves around the actions of an antihero named V and his struggles to re-establish humanity in individuals by rebelling against the government’s rule. In both satires, 1984 and V for Vendetta the concept of humanity is exaggerated in the†¦show more content†¦But they cannot because they are stuck in their own paradoxical situations (â€Å"Catch-22†) and because they have still not realized the fact that the Party leaves them alone and lets them indulge in children, sex, food and access to the lottery i n order to keep them busy and prevent them from revolting. However, their humanity marks them as what they are: the lower class that is kept ignorant in order to prevent uprisings. The proles are loyal to each other in a way that the Party members can never be, but because they are not concerned with the ideologies that oppress them, they are not aware of how their power could affect the world that they inhabit. In 1984 the proles are only made fun of because although they have the strength to rebel they do not and are too busy indulging themselves in petty concerns, like a lack of cooking-pots (Orwell 73). They are even ridiculed by the arch-enemy Goldstein who dismisses them as divisions of low people who are destined to remain powerless. Big Brother does not concern himself with them and ridicules them as ordinary masses that do not have the intellect for an uprising despite their strength in numbers. Similarly, in V for Vendetta, the proles are dissatisfied with Norsefire, but they doShow MoreRelatedThere Is No I in Government: George Orwell ´s 1984 Novel1230 Words   |  5 Pagesnumbers in society than in government. Society is limitless, broad, and expanding. Government is small, limited, and finite. For this reason, the general population should hold no fear in guiding the government in its choices. 1984 written by George Orwell and V for Vendetta directed by James McTeigue are both compelling science fiction stories, with the requisite elements of mystery, suspense, and futuristic universe. The book and the movie, respectively, are much more than simple narratives. UsingRead MoreThe Film V For Vendetta And The Song Get Up Stand Up By Bob Marley3978 Words   |  16 Pages SAE Institute Oxford SAE 502: Critical Analysis Essay The Comparative analyses of the film V for Vendetta and the song Get Up Stand Up by Bob Marley and how they relate to the social context of Marxism. James Cunningham 17658 ADHE0514 Assignment Code Word Count: Module Leader/Lecturer: Ben Hall Table of Contents Title Page Abstract Table of Contents Introduction (word count) Main Body (word Count) Conclusion (word Count) Appendices Reference List IntroductionRead MoreMovie Analysis : V For Vendetta2610 Words   |  11 Pagess adaptation of the graphic novel 300, and James McTeigue s adaptation of V for Vendetta are no exceptions to criticisms of historical accuracy. However, while Zack Snyder s 300 is an attempt to recreate history, and does so in a dramatic, stylized, exaggerated, and biased fashion, V for Vendetta echoes history and uses it as a way to enhance the story. Firstly, it is important to note that both 300 and V for Vendetta are adaptations of graphic novels. Thus, any historical inaccuracies committedRead MoreComparing The Film V For Vendetta And The Song Get Up Stand Up By Bob Marley3921 Words   |  16 PagesComparative analyses exploring the film V for Vendetta and the song Get Up Stand Up by Bob Marley and how they relate to the social context of Marxism. One of the themes that influenced many artists in the past is standing up for your rights. ‘V for Vendetta’ (2005) and ‘Bob Marley’s Get Up, Stand Up’ (1973) has been chosen because the author supports these works fit into the social context of Marxism. From the outset, Marxism will be examined in terms of the historical aspect and materialisticRead More Whistleblowers: Are They Heroes or Traitors? Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagescreating tension between government and people. With the mass media of today’s world, whistleblowers popularity inflates within seconds, causing a plethora of opinions. Eventually these opinions are put into movies, TV shows, and books. Some bring comparisons between our nation and what it could be and others bring realization of what it is, but it’s all though perception. There are only two perceptions towards whistleblowers. It is either good or bad, there are no gray areas. This is brought onRead MoreSurveillance Has Been A Popular Theme Used By The Entertainment Industry2547 Words   |  11 PagesSurveillance has been a popular theme used by the entertainment industry in the last two decades. Films like the Bourne film series (2002-2012), Equilibrium (2002), V for Vendetta (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), Eagle Eye (2008), The Hunger Games film series (2012-2015) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) each use and play with this sense that the world is being watched by mysterious, dangerous, and clandestine men in black. Reality television programming, including shows like Big BrotherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesApplications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior ComprehensiveRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesNewell Rubbermaid, Vanguard, Maytag, Harley, Merck, Firestone/Ford, Starbucks, United Way, Nike, MetLife Social and Ethical Starbucks, Merck, Firestone/Ford, United Way, MetLife Outsourcing Boeing/Airbus, Maytag, Nike, Dell Preface †¢ v TARGETED COURSES As a supplemental text, this book can be used in a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses. These range from introduction to marketing/marketing principles to courses in marketing management and strategic marketing. It can

The Importance of Academic Honesty free essay sample

Armed with their desire to finish their college education and get good grades in class, there are certain students who choose to cheat in order to get through the academic turmoil. There are students who feel that through this process, they can earn high points without necessarily going through the difficulty of making one’s own research as well as laboratory activities. While this may be true, academic dishonesty also has its disadvantages. Through cheating, the students are not actually fooling their mentors but themselves. Students should realize that class activities are not required simply for the reason that teachers want their students to suffer. Class activities and home works are required in order to test the learning ability of the student and to give an avenue for the latter to improve his skills and enhance his knowledge. Without these tests and activities, learning will be tantamount to being spoon fed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Academic Honesty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Learning does not mean being served on a silver platter, instead, it means finding the courage to explore the wonderful world of education and using the knowledge gained in order to survive daily living. Education is very important as this teaches one on how to act and react to certain situations. In addition, education familiarizes one with world events, history and the skills and tasks needed in order to become a significant part of the society. Through good education, excellent physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects and teachers among others are produced. These professionals become the foundation of a healthy and progressive society. Without education, people suffer. No one will treat the sick, defend the defenseless, build roads, and create buildings. It is utterly difficult to survive in a society wherein there is barely enough to sustain oneself and needs. Education is needed in order for the world to function properly and to have peace and stability. Through the introduction of the different fruits of technology, cheating has become so easy for many students. Among the fruits of technology which contributes to cheating are mobile phones and the internet. Through mobile phones, the students can easily exchange information concerning the answers to an exam or a quiz. They can keep these copies in their mobile phones so that they easily take a look at it when needed (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). With regard to the internet, there are so many sites which offer academic services and these include paper mills. Through paper mills, the students can easily order a custom made paper anytime of the day and specify the instructions that they need and the urgency for the paper. While many academic institutions consider this as a form of cheating, paper mill companies don’t consider it as such instead they perceive it as a form of extending academic help to a student who is having difficulty complying with school requirements. In addition, paper mills argue that this is not a form of cheating since they are only articulating the ideas of the student and are helping the students learn better since through informing them on how to write a good essay or research paper (Papers 24/7). Whatever be the argument is, the process of ordering papers on line and having someone else do it is greatly frowned by all educational institutions and claim it as a form of dishonesty. In this regard, academic institutions now employ several mechanisms in order to detect academic dishonesty. The most popular of which is the Turnitin. Through this device, educational institutions are able to determine if a paper is plagiarism free or not (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). In addition to other modes of cheating through the internet is the use of â€Å"ringers†. Students employ the services of experts so that the latter will answer the exams questions for them. This is commonly and easily done since there are many students who have online courses. The detection of this form of dishonesty can easily be detected since this is online (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). While there are many ways to cheat unnoticed, students must remember that this act also has its dire consequences in the future. Academic degrees, grades and educational institutions graduated from serve as gauge marks for employers. They serve as signs of the students’ capability and skills. If a student has unduly earned these credits, it would be very difficult for him to meet the expectations that are attached with it (Adkins, Kenkel and Lim). He will have a hard time proving himself and his worthiness to such credit; worse, he might need to re-learn all the things that he should have adequately learned in school. It is entirely difficult and humiliating to be proven that you are not entitled to the title that you carry. In addition, this also causes undue harm to the educational institution which the student graduated and earned his degree. It will undermine the level of education that they provide to students.

The Masculine Appeal free essay sample

This essay makes a comparison of the two different toy/game figures Barbie and Tomb Raiders Lara Croft. This essay is comparing the masculinity and femininity of two female figures Lara Croft and Barbie, describing the two figurines in detail. The author provides background information how each figure was created and their proposed purposes and how their images change through the years. The differences all touch on the fact that Lara is masculine and Barbie is feminine. The author concludes with decision that present day society finds a masculine female more appealing than a feminine woman. Barbie and Lara are both beautiful and have great figures, but Lara still gains the attention. It is Laras attitude, the way she is portrayed as a person. Lara has those masculine characteristics that are more appealing in todays society than a weak, panicky female. Lara Croft can take care of herself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Masculine Appeal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Males are attracted to this because Lara is strong, independent, and beautiful. A woman that does not need protection from a male figure is a wonderful dream for men. Females are attracted to Lara because she can hold her own, she is strong and independent, no help needed from a male partner.

Synesthesia in A Natural History of the Senses by Diane Ackerman

biligualism essays

biligualism essays I was born and raised in Taiwan, therefore I think my first language should be considered as mandarin. My problem to define myself is that because even though I was living in a mandarin dominated community, I start studying in a total English environment starting at kindergarten. (I was in an international school that only teaches English and no other languages). The family that I grew up is a bit complicated to explain also. My father and mother speaks to me in mandarin, my grandparent speaks to me in Taiwanese while my grandparent on my mothers side that I dont meet often speaks to me in Japanese. This situation has started ever since I could remember. So, I could consider that I am expose to three language, mandarin, English, and Taiwanese all together, plus a little Japanese. (Though I could hardly speak them) but I think I might consider myself as a balanced bilingual of English and Mandarin, because I could speak and listen this two language fluently and express myself without problem at all. Or, maybe some semibilingual also, because I have to think of what Im trying to express before I could blurt out fluently. Japanese Well I could only express in simple words. Even so, there is a big problem that I find as I browse through the book, the mother tongue. Which one should be my first language? Because its just abit to complicated for me to decide. But since I speak with my parent mostly in mandarin, then it should be considered mandarin. Also, most of the time when I was talking to my friends when they understands both mandarin and English, we often end up communicating with mixed languages. Ex. A sentence that contains a few words of mandarin and the rest English; which sounds a little funny but were just too used to it. Personally I think Im pretty lucking to grow up in this kind of environment because I grow up learning English and mandarin so easily, there isnt really a ha...

Administrative law in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Administrative law in Britain - Essay Example British Administrative Law is a part of British public law. It involves law pertaining to the control and authority of British departmental agencies or those agencies that are given constitutional power by the administration (Leyland and Anthony, 2008, 45) There is great popularity of such law reforms in most of the countries, however, they have been extensively criticised too. Main constituents of British Administrative Law are Ombudsmen, Tribunals, Judicial review and Freedom of Information. Ombudsman According to the Administrative law post of Ombudsman is connected to the Parliament of Westminster and some other posts at the Parliament of Scotland, some of the government institutions and Welsh Assembly. The main responsibility of Ombudsman is to inspect problems of malpractices of administration. Tribunals This constituent of British Administrative Law includes numbers of local public bodies, which are also called non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs). Judicial review This conte nt of British administrative law includes supervision of implementation of general public power by the Administrative Courts. If someone feels that an act of a government body, for instance his/ her local council or a constitutional court, is against the law, or it has dishonoured his/her civil rights, they may register a complaint at the Administrative Court (which is a branch of High Court) for legal reassessment of the decision and get their problem solved or perhaps take compensation. (Leyland and Anthony, 2008, 35) ... Nevertheless, the basic aim and objective of both these Acts is well indistinguishable – same sort of public bodies that are included in Britain, Northern Ireland and Wales are also included in Scotland Act. . (Leyland and Anthony, 2008, 42) Moreover, its basic terms and conditions are very closed to each other, despite the fact that the Freedom of Information Act of Scotland is a little stronger than English Act in support of disclosing information. But Freedom of Information Act 2000 is not applicable for public bodies in the foreign territories. (Barnett, 2004, 221) The former Prime Minister Tony Blair who actually brought main idea of the Freedom of Information Act, showed his disappointed from the Act afterwards. According to him, this Act obstructs the capacity of government officials to act under a sensible level of privacy. Implementation of the Administrative Law is seen as a major constitutional change that has been implemented in the course of past few years. Number s of changes have also taken place within British House of Commons too, like pre-legislative trials are now given much more importance, select committees have been made much stronger, change in work hours etc. This is not possible to do justice to all the reforms, however this is a major thing that it is an obligation for the British Prime Minister to present himself at the Liaison Select Committee of the House two times in every year to be questioned about any subject whatsoever. Critics have shown their reservations on the commitment to this sort of well-planned constitutional programme. UK Administrative and Constitutional Law have remarkably changed since year 1997. (Barnett, 2004, 225) There are several public bodies too, whose resolutions can also be

Discussion bord 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion bord 3 - Assignment Example The process of determining the sample size that will produce valid and acceptable results with respect to the entire population involves a number of statistical calculations and inferences, popularly referred to as sample size calculator. The survey system developed a sample size calculator that plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of the sample size to be used to generate a reliable information and characteristics about the population. In terming the sample size, the level of confidence and confidence interval are very important variables that must be considered (Snedecor, 2009). For instance, at 95% level of confidence with a confidence interval of 5, from a population of 100, a sample size of 80 would be appropriate in generating the desired characteristics about the entire population. Confidence interval is the measure of the marginal error that is acceptable. On the other hand, confidence level is the measure of accuracy and reliability of the results. At 95% confidence level, the certainty is the outcome is acceptable at 95% (Dattalo,

Innovative Organisation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovative Organisation - Case Study Example The company is reputed as the chief civil production establishment in San Francisco woof Region. Abernathy, W.J., Clark, K. (1985). Through long-term tutoring programs the company has been on the frontline in offering contemporary products and services. One of its competitive strategies has been the cost leadership; the company offers sophisticated design and architectural product that embody the post modern architecture at a relatively reasonable cost than its fierce rivals. Secondly, the company offers a wide range of products and services, this includes; designing of temporary on and offsite parking, helipad relocation design, preliminary site relocation design among others. This myriad service makes it dominate other firms. Thirdly, the company has a regional presence and as such a wider clientele niche. Lastly the integration of technology has been a boast for the company; information flow across the organizational structure has been proficient, ideally this has triggered a boom ing business as the bottle necks have been aborted. The most challenging part on designers has been in meeting of the objectives of a building's utility and in designing facades that challenges and provoke the same functions. Structural buildings are multifarious units that perform important duties; shelter and security to whoever uses the same. Structural edifices also meet clustered requirements to satiate operational demands by means of pragmatic form and also desire to employ nonfigurative compounds to impact on the right mind and nourish the mental power. Abernathy, W.J., Clark, K. (1985), Introduction Innovation is a comprehensive course of action through which an organization engenders resourceful and fresh scientific notion (contraption) and translates them into original, practical and feasible profitable products, services as well as trading performances for (prospective) fiscal advantage. Research findings have indicated that aggressive gain is centered on the capability to generate an economy driven not by cost efficiencies but by notions as well as intellectual expertise. The natural world of novelty has gone through a metamorphosis as such the intrinsic description of novelty has dramatically been altered with time. Conventional definition of innovation was centered on persons that toiled in laboratories, itchy and throbbing just waiting to unmask great discoveries. In the modern society, the attention has shifted away from being an individual entity to a global phenomenon that hinges on collaboration. The Amazon president, Bezos Jeffrey puts it like going down blind alleyw ays (Blayse, A, Manley, K 2005). Yet every time one goes down an alleyway and it opens up into gigantic, expansive boulevard. Novelty begins when we break free and rebuff the inert. Dissimilar to invention, that emerges from endeavor, carrying out tests coupled with an aspect of lack, novelty is embedded closely on expertise and leadership-earmarking prospective places to centre novelty power and designing the idyllic atmosphere for innovation to boom. CEO's play an integral role to making novelty a reality; scientifically or rather methodologically. Analogous to executing a corporate line of attack, realizing novelty entails the making of deliberate choices. Options can copiously exist, yet highlighting and sharpening winning options require ingenuity and this is a role that

What Bring Students To Multimedia University Education Essay

What Bring Students To Multimedia University Education Essay During this era of globalization, more and more local universities in Malaysia offer various degrees for students who wish to further their studies. Most of the higher learning institution has quality but less qualified institution which not recognized by the Ministry of Education also exist. In Malaysia, there are two types of Institutions of Higher Education. These two types of institutions of higher learning are Public Institutions of Higher Learning (IPTA) and Private Institutions of Higher Learning (IPTS). Higher education in Malaysia has achieved status as a strategic commodity exports. This policy has been welcomed by both bodies to establish various forms of private higher education institutions either alone or collaborate with institutions of higher education and local public institutions of higher education abroad. To ensure the growth of private higher education was conducted in healthy, Parliament has approved two related acts in 1996, the Private Higher Education Act (Act 555) and National Accreditation Board Act (Act 556). Private Higher Education Act to act organizing the establishment and management of private educational institutions in order to provide high quality educational environment for all the students especially for the students from our country, Malaysia. Both types of institutions of higher learning must receive this recognition from Malaysians Qualifications Agency (MQA). The main role of MQA is to implement the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (Australian Qualifications Framework, MQF) as a foundation of higher education quality assurance system and a reference point national eligibility criteria and standards. MQA act as a single body overseeing and coordinating quality assurance and accreditation of higher education. MQA also functioned to maintain Malaysian qualification Register (MQR). Multimedia University (MMU) is one of the many higher learning institutions which have been recognized by the ministry of higher learning and Malaysia Qualification Agencies (MQA). As the first government-proved of higher learning, Multimedia University (MMU) is not only recognized at Malaysia but at some of foreign country such as United Kingdom, Iran etc.. Nowadays MMU is recognized as one of the top private universities in Malaysia with nearly 20,000 students at both Melaka and Cyberjaya branch. In order to be a premier university that propagates the generation and dissemination of knowledge in cutting edge technologies, Multimedia University tries to improve their service each day with its mission to which are to deliver quality academic program based on state-of-the-art RD, attract and nurture quality minds who will contribute towards the global knowledge economy, inculcate a strong research culture within a dynamic, efficient and effective team of academic and support staff, to be financially self-sustaining via education and the commercialization of RD products and services. Multimedia University (MMU) which has been established on 1996 and launch on 9 July 1999 by Malaysia 4th Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamed plays an important role in providing a world class education within the area of study of telecommunication, multimedia computers, digital art, animation, information technology, software development, and management. Multimedia University which have launched by Malaysia Prime Minister at that current time, signified responsibility for it to be a fully world class institution and become a catalyst of MSC and also the nation. Purpose The main purpose of this research project is to conduct a research on What Bring Students to Study in Multimedia University (MMU). Basically, many students intend to choose Multimedia University (MMU) rather than other universities. So, first of all, we would like to know what are the factors that encourage students to continue their studies in Multimedia University (MMU)? We also want to know what are the advantages of studying in MMU compared with other institutions of higher learning whether public institution or private institution. We also want to determine whether students choose to study at MMU because it has higher quality and recognized around the world or due to the other reasons. This research was conducted to make sure that the Multimedia University (MMU) will always be listed as one of the top universities in Malaysia and throughout the world. We would also want to make sure that MMU will improve all the weaknesses and improve the administration system to ensure that students would receive good and quality services from MMU. Scope The scope of this research would be based on students in Multimedia University (MMU) for Cyberjaya campus only. Students in Multimedia University (MMU) Melaka campus will not included in our research. Our result has indicated that students are most often to choose Multimedia University rather than other universities. This is based on the statistics we have obtained during the gathering of information. The information clearly shows that students are more interested in choosing MMU as their preferred university compared with other universities. Methodology To answer our research questions we handed out questionnaire that covers students background to make findings as somewhat precise as possible. From question 1 to 5 that is located in chapter A, we ask for the respondent background or general information about them, such as faculty, source of finance and other that are related. Findings of the student background would help to see the pattern in students background. If when various pattern found in student of MMU, we could conclude that MMU have student with various background and not just from a type/group in the society. Question in section A, section B, and section C consist in, before, during and after timeline. The reason is students that interested in studying at Multimedia University Cyberjaya have different reasons in choosing MMU as place to continue their higher learning. Where some students concern in after affect of studying in MMU, and some maybe concern more in during studying in MMU. The result will help highlight the real advantages MMU Cyberjaya have from other universities, thus answering our research question. With finding the advantages that attract student to MMU Cyberjaya within the before, during and after timeline, it could improve the understanding and find the more valid data from the MMU student themselves. Where from this findings MMU could emphasize more on this selected categories in their promotions, this would increase the effectiveness of promotion of MMU. By knowing where or how the student most hear about MMU could help in finding the most efficient way of promoting Multimedia University. By now this research has the finding that could help in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency in promoting Multimedia University to future students. Thus this achieves the importance of the research, to promote Multimedia University. The findings of the questionnaire would clarify our topic and answer our research questions which our findings are from current students in Multimedia University that we get by using questionnaire. It reaches our scope and also with various categories. Thus it will able us to have varieties of findings to get a better view or result from the students. The combination of this component or synthesis of it should cover our issues and the whole research. Issues and the whole research that is including the research questions, problem and importance of the whole research itself. This literature helps in guiding how to find relevant information or findings, so that reaches the purpose and the importance of the research. This research questionnaire which consist 10 questions, like stated above cover the student background, current and what they hope to achieve in the future as a Multimedia University Cyberjaya student. Question 1 until 5 will be covering the student background. This is important as result can be use in determining the Multimedia student trait. Student then will be put as a judge in deciding current Multimedia University Cyberjaya performance on the 6th to 7th question. On the 8th of the question, user needs to fill up their expectation in the future after graduating Multimedia University Cyberjaya. This question intended to be put up to know whether the student see a bright future at Multimedia University. Why personal information is important for our research? In this section, personal information is needed for our researches for us indentify from which faculty and level of study is they belonging to, the race of student which is compulsory for us to find the majority of student in MMU either they are international or local student. In this section also we need to know how they manage their financial to study in MMU. For local student of course we know some of them might do loan from PTPTN or MARA but for international, we do not know either they been sponsored by certain organization or self paying. In section C, consist of 2 types of questionnaire which is multiple choices of question and open-ended question. For open ended, qualitative data is our greatest opportunity to get actionable information from this survey. The selection and composition of qualitative survey items is even more important than for quantitative items. This is because you cannot ask nearly as many items that require people to respond freely. At most, you can probably only ask a handful of such items, so it is important to get them right. Literature Review A widespread of expansion of higher learning institution in Malaysia is on arising nowadays. All institution keeps competing in order to be the best Universities. Multimedia University that were established on 1996 which are the first private government approved university at Malaysia that are designed to serve Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and the wider community by creating diverse educational opportunities still going strong throughout the year. So questions arise, what brings student to MMU? Despite there is so much option aside from Multimedia University in higher learning sector, student still are coming every year without exception on local or international student. Taken from the statistics of students population in Multimedia University as at 31 December 2009, we found that it has reaches out to 20404 that include Multimedia University both of Melaka and Cyberjaya campus and affiliate Colleges. From 2005 to 2009, number of graduates increased year by year although slightly falling in 2007 onwards. This minor fall is only differ by less 30 student, thus this fall is could have many factors that we consider as ambiguous. Multimedia University student consist of student from various country and continent all over the world from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe where the totals of 75 countries excluding Malaysia and still counting. Students that choose to study in Multimedia University are pursuing various level, from foundation to Master level and also Doctor of Philosophy level (PhD). As from the year 2000 to the year of 2009, the total number of graduates keeps increasing, and reached the grand total of 22840 on 2009 where the figure are collective of graduates of International and local students. Both numbers of international students graduates increased since 2001. When the numbers of graduates are broken down by levels, there is an uneven pattern of increase and decrease. Though the pattern of increase and decrease are not that significant the bachelor level (degree) in the year 2004, though it increase back on the following year till 2009. As caused of this is ambiguous as there would be various reasons to cause it to happen. But as a assumption on the decrease of degree students, as probably the event of tsunami hit Malaysia in 2004. That is most of the international student in Multimedia University pursue their study in degree level, rather than foundation or diploma. From increasing of graduates year by year, we conclude that students are interested in continuing study in Multimedia University. Where student who are not interested would drop out and find better university that attract them most. That is because students keep complaining but they still continue their study in Multimedia University, this also shows that students interested and prefer to study in Multimedia University. With this research we are able to narrow down some of the factors that contribute to make Multimedia University as one of their choices to pursue their study, where the result would not be precise of have definite answer. With this research would also find the most effective medium to promote Multimedia University as stated. From the increase in the number of graduates each year from the year 2000, shows that numbers of students enrolled in Multimedia University increased. The ongoing increase also shows that Multimedia University have been the choice for many to pursue their study, thus this research is to find out what major factors that attract students to Multimedia University. The list of factors could be endless, for that this research would result in the narrowed down of the factors, as it is more manageable answers to the research questions. As to support the purpose of this research, numbers of graduates are kept increasing thus showing students that enrolled in Multimedia University have been pursuing their study till they are graduating. As this to support the research questions, which is what factors that encourage the students to enter Multimedia University. Multimedia University Melaka and Cyberjaya campus both have differences in numbers of faculty and courses offered at the particular campus. Where some courses are not provided or not available at either of the campus, this somehow balanced the margin of number of student differences. Faculties in Cyberjaya campus are Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology, Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Faculty of Management and Centre of Foundation studies and extension Education or mostly know as FOSEE. While in Melaka campus Faculty of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Faculty of Business Law, Centre of Foundation Studies and Extension Education (FOSEE) and Centre for advance Diploma Program. Multimedia University is in partners with many of companies and also other universities. They are also varies in expertise where, most of the faculty in Multimedia University had partnered with company and some of them very well known in the respective field. Faculty of Creative Multimedia is in partners with many media agencies and other universities outside Malaysia which is Faculty of Engineering is in partners with companies in the Research and development field (RD). Faculty of Information Technology is in partners with various companies that are active in the information technology field. According to the research by times online Good University Guide, universities are rated in 8 categories where the best universities have the highest accumulated score in the 8 categories. The 8 categories are student satisfaction, research quality, student and staff ratio, services facilities spend, entry standards, completion, good honors, graduate prospects. Although this research is evaluating universities around United Kingdom, as for the method of evaluating an education institution there would not be a very much differences between universities in different country or continent. The first category is student satisfaction it is the general overview of the student on the institution. This is the first to be evaluate because of the most important role in an institution are the students. Because of the students would probably end or stop to continue their studies in an unsatisfying institution. This is also the first category, because the students is the one that are using and interact with the staff and administration and system. Next is the research quality, where research quality is also important as a medium portray capability of an institution to produce quality graduates. The research by the members of the university also portray the university have the knowledge to produce graduates that are relevant and able to be an contributor to the industry, where by these graduate can fulfill the industry needs that is not just knowledgeable worker but also hands on. This shows that the knowledge the graduates gained is relevant or met the knowledge needed in the real working world, and most importantly the graduates know to apply their knowledge. Student and staff ratio is to evaluate the management of the institution. That is how well the institution manages to control the students and administer the whole institution. This will show how smooth or organize an institution are with the administrative task. Student and staff ratio can also show that is the students are taught in a small or large group. Either it is better and more effective to teach students in a smaller group. Not just ratio on lecturers, staffs in the non-educational division such as the administration are also important to make sure all the administrative task can be handling effectively and efficiently. Service and facilities spend of an institution will show how the institution manage the welfare of their members, the students and also staff. Facilities provided such as sufficient labs for the students, and lecture halls that can accommodate the students in any given time. Facilities are not just the major infrastructure of an institution, where it is also important to provide minor facilities that would brings great benefits for example, sufficient parking spaces, sports complex, hostel or dormitory, food court, empty space/relocate space for events and also emergency. Other forms of services should be available for students are counseling and financial assistance to the students. Where by institution should assist in giving list or advertise to the students any financial assistance that is available to them to apply. Entry standards are the entry requirements set by the institution, which is to check whether people are eligible to apply or to enroll in the chosen institution. Entry standards are for the institution to balance their standard and rating, where by an institution would prefer the quality students to enroll. And entry standard is where the students can get the expectation of the learning level of that institution. Where is institution with higher requirements most likely having the toughest level of learning? Another category evaluate by the times online is completion, completion in their research is the number of student successfully completed their study. This somehow related with student satisfaction where student who are not satisfied with their university would most probably leave for a better institution. Either it may be an ambiguous factor on that. Good honors are the most common evaluation category for an education institution. Good honors in this means universities that produce the highest amount of students with high grades. As this also the point for parents and future student look for in a university as well as other features. A graduate prospect is the future possibility or expectations of the graduate after completion of study. The institution with the highest score in this category means that, most of its graduates are employed and not just that, they become successful or become and important role in the community or society. Student from this institution were looked up by firms, companies and establishments as the university or institution has the good name of producing good future worker that meet their industry requirements. The 8 categories made to evaluate the universities are very well combined, where as the research shows what is that particular university strength or advantage and also what that particular university lack of. This research can help evaluated universities to improve their service that is to win over students. And not just that it would be a great way to attract parents to invest their money to an education system that they can trust for their children. From the research by times online we took out the categories to evaluate Multimedia University, that is to found out what attract the current students of Multimedia University of choosing Multimedia University as their choice of institution. This will help in our research to narrow down and uncover few ambiguities on factors that makes Multimedia University the chosen university among other university not just to the local student (Malaysia) but also the international student. Nowadays there have been an increasing number of universities set up in Malaysia. Thus, every student knew that they must have to choose the best place for them to further their study. It is because it effects a lots of the students future life. For example, later on when they finishing their studies and applying for job position in one of the company in Malaysia or out of country, the company that the student applying for job might state that the student previous university is not recognize by that company and the certificate also might affected and probably the student will loosing the job even they have a good result. There is some of the cases that happen like this, but not most of the company will strictly doing that way, they might consider the student results. Whatever it is, the student must take an early precaution so that later on there is no problem like this will arise. The student must know if the university that they want to enter is approval by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) or not. It is important for all of the university and colleges in Malaysia must have approval accreditation by The National Accreditation Board and recognition of programmed by professional bodies or by the public service department (JPA). According to our research, as required by section 38, Private Higher Education Act 555, all Private Higher Educational Institutions (PHEI) are not allowed to conduct any academic program without the approval from the Ministry of Higher Education. Therefore, Multimedia University is one of the private universitys in Malaysia that had gone through all the process that required them to be approval by MOHE. Multimedia University also seeks for recognition by professional bodies such as Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) and Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MICPA). It is necessary to have the recognition by these pr ofessional bodies to enable graduates from the programmes to gain professional recognition. In contrast, the recognition from Public Service Department (JPA) is necessary to enable graduates to be employed in the Public or Government sector. Without this, graduates can only gain employment in the private sector. If all university in Malaysia had done the process of approval from this particular department, so the student can choose any of the university that we have and not being afraid if their certificate is not certified and they cant be employed. But what is exactly the main thing that important in choosing a right university? To answer this, we have to know student expectation on the university. According to my review on a research of Yvonne Hill, Laurie Lomas and Janet MacGregor, they states that there is four expectations that emerged in relation to what students perceived quality education to be. It includes quality of the lecturer, student engagement with learning, social or emotional support systems and resources of library and IT. Hence, all four expectations that they had state is the most important thing that every university should consider must have and apply. This review indicates that student expect more on learning technique and sources that they can easily get from univers ity to proceed their study. Therefore, Multimedia University are one of the place that every student expect on. According to article of Reaz, M. Hussain, S., Khadem, (2007), In a very short span of time, Multimedia University approaches the proliferation of digital learning systems, e-governance throughout the twin campuses, and the maximum implementation of multimedia-based features in the school system. Hence, this will support that Multimedia University always provides good services to all of their students. Even nowadays, Multimedia University had always upgrades their services to be better and to be the best among the rest. In addition, Multimedia University had done many things in promoting the university to attract students from all over the country. According to Donaldson and McNicholas (2004), the reputation, nature of the courses, location and address, financial considerations, facilities, social climate of the department, programme structure and accreditation factors influence student choice of institution and course for studies. There are several criteria that attract student to further their study in university. It includes interest in the subject for example, personal preference, ability in handling the subject matter, challenging and enjoyable. It also includes influence of others such as advisors and parents. Besides that career also influence student in choosing their university. For example compensation in the way of earning potential and earning growth, job availability and growth in the way of employment opportunity and advancement opportunity and lastly job requirement that require to de aling with people and team work. Therefore, Multimedia University always do a research and survey to find out what that they have to do to improve their facilities and services to all students. This will help the universities to be alert with what are the needs and requirement that they have to provide and fulfill. Multimedia University always gave a very detail specification and provide many resources about their universities in many source of information such as internet, web pages, TV and newspaper advertisement. Besides that Multimedia University also had done a very effective ways to promote or market their universities such as involving in education exhibition fair, distribute brochures and making posters. According to Mayer et al. (1999), communication technologies, such as CDs and DVDs in university advertising and web page properties, have been considered before. Brochures, posters, meetings, sponsorships and billboards, web pages, TV, and newspaper advertisement are mostly used as some communication tools for university selection. Therefore, it is important for every company including university to have all that it takes to promote and market their product or services.

The Controversial Issue of Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Racism Racist Essays

The Controversial Issue of Affirmative Action Considering the subject of affirmative action the following questions frequently are raised: Is there a clear understanding of affirmative action roles/goals? What are the pros/cons of these programs? What are the "loop holes" in the system? Does seniority play a role in affirmative action? Addressing these key questions may help us all in our daily routine, as administrators and/or potential administrator in the public/private sector. Affirmative action programs throughout the United States have long been a controversial issue particularly concerning employment practices (public/private) and university student and/or staff recruitment. Most public agencies have some type of instituted affirmative action program. According to Cheryl Perry-League, Director of Equal Opportunity of the Port of Oakland, every business operating on Port of Oakland owned land must have a standing affirmative action program on record and businesses bidding to do work for the Port of Oakland must have an acc eptably diverse workforce. BACKGROUND To understand the role and/or goals of affirmative actions programs we should define what the broad definition of what affirmative action is and what caused its development. The phase "affirmative action" was used in a racial discrimination context. Executive Order No. 10,925 issued by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. The order indicated that federal contractors should take affirmative action to ensure job applicants and employees are treated "without regard to their race, creed, or national origin." A person could define this statement as an order to imply equal access and nothing else. Subsequently, Executive Order 11246 issued by President Johnson in September 1965, "mandated affirmative action goals for all federally funded programs and moved monitoring and enforcement of affirmative action programs out of the White House and into the Labor Department." Affirmative action "refers to various efforts to deliberately take race, sex, and natio nal origins into account to remedy past and current effects of discrimination. Its primary goal is to ensure that women and minorities are widely represented in all occupations and at all organizational levels" (Tompkins, 1995, p.161). Another definition of affirmative action according to Barbara Bergmann is "planning and acting to end the absence of certain kinds of people-those who belong to groups that have been subordinated or left out-from certain jobs and schools" (1997 p.7). Tracing the history of affirmative action, laws against racial discrimination have proved inadequate for workplace integration because they often provide remedies only after the fact.

My Oedipus Complex Essay

In Frank O’Connor’s short story â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† he writes about a young boy named Larry, who is use to his fathers absence because of World War I. Larry soon fines himself trying to take over his fathers house hold including wanting to marry his mother. When the war ends, Larry’s father returns home and Larry and his father are faced with the conflict of trying to attain his mother’s attention. Over time Larry eventually identifies with his father and starts to see his mother in a different way. Up to the age of five, Larry never really had seen much of his father only on occasions. He was very content on being with his mother. In the mornings he would wake up and climb into bed with her and begin the day talking to his mother about what they were going to do thru out the day. In the mornings after breakfast, they would both go into town to attend mass or go do some shopping. By doing this, Larry began to try to make decisions like his father would. For example Larry’s mother wanted to have another baby because they were the only family who did not have a newborn. Larry was told they were expensive and could not afford it until father came home from the war. However, Larry noticed that their neighbors had a baby and it would have done them just fine. As Larry began to settle with the idea of him and his mother Larry’s father comes home after the war has ended and everything changes. When his father was around Larry soon began to notice his mother’s attitude would change. She would start to scold Larry for being so loud in the mornings that his privileges of climbing into bed were cut off since he would wake his father sometimes on purpose for the reason that he got jealous. Her attitude began to change as well. She would tend to get anxious to please his father all the time and would now send Larry into town with his father. At first Larry was very optimistic about it, but soon realized that he and his father had different notions on their walk into town. Larry could not make his father do anything he wanted and the more he got wild the more his father didn’t seem too noticed. To Larry he just looked like an  enormous mountain that glanced down at him with a grin of amusement. During tea time she would only talk to Larry’s father about the news and get scolded if he interrupted. Larry felt this was foul play and he was prepared to compete with his father for his mother’s attention. Soon after Larry began to get himself into trouble by waking everyone up in the morning or throwing fit’s all around the house because he wasn’t treated as an equal his own home. By doing this his father lost his patients and gave Larry a slap and began to glare at him with his eyes out for murder. That’s when Larry realized that he was jealous too for the attention of his wife. Larry did not give up easily for his mother’s attention and told her one day that when he grew up he wanted to marry her and have lots of babies. She responded with a smile and told Larry that they will have one soon. Almost immediately Larry began to notice his mothers had changed even when his father was not at home. She seemed preoccupied, stopped taking him out for walks and smacked him for no apparent reason. Disaster soon came for Larry and His father and it was called Sonny. Larry disliked Sonny from the very beginning because of the constant crying that would annoy Larry and his father. Now everything his mother would do or talk about was Sonny. Larry felt so frustrated that he threatens to leave in front of his father and soon after Larry threat becomes a positive aspect. He notices his father starts to be exceedingly nice to him with a fine intelligence and his mother quite sickening in addition to being simple minded because of the baby. Also one night Larry wakes up with someone climbing into his bed and he notices it’s not his mother but his father who was now turned out of his own bed. He felt sorry for father because his mother had no consideration for no one except Sonny and gave his father a hug for assurance that he was still welcomed. Soon after Larry father went out of his way to buy him a really nice model railway.

Time Travelers Wife Essays

Time Travelers Wife Essays Time Travelers Wife Essay Time Travelers Wife Essay 2012-07410March 15, 2013 ENG 2 G-3RDraft no. 1 The Time Traveler’s Wife (Film) A Reaction Paper Why is love intensified by absence? (Niffenegger, 2003) The Time Travelers Wife is a romantic drama film directed by Robert Schwentke and was based on a novel by Audrey Niffenegger of the same title. The film tells the story of Henry DeTamble (Eric Bana), a librarian who suffers from a genetic disorder that causes him to jump back and forth in time, and Clare Abshire (Rachel McAdams), as they endeavor to live a happy and normal life. In the early 1970s, a six year-old Henry survives a car accident wherein his mother died. The tension before the impact enabled him to travel back two weeks before the accident. He was then transported back into the present and witnessed the death of his mother before him. An older version of him tries to help Henry by explaining that he is indeed a time traveler. Henry finds himself living the past, present, and future at the same time. In 1991, Henry meets for the first time an art student named Clare. Though she is delighted to see him, Henry was not able to recognize her. She later reveals that the future Henry time traveled and met the six year old Clare. They develop a relationship and Henry finally felt permanence in his life. Subsequently, the couple enters a married life which will be teemed with obstacles brought about by Henry’s condition. The film Time Traveler’s Wife employed time travel as one of main character’s flaw and strong point at the same time expressing the love story that attracts most of the women audience. Its title and movie trailer just provides sufficient ideas that will make you think about it and finally watch the film. Considering the fact that it was primarily based on a book, it can be posited that the story was crammed and made to fit in the specific amount of time. This caused the movie to lose its richness which left the supporting characters with little exposure who may have contributed to the audience’s understanding and interpretation and to the story’s further development. Moreover, the film focused too much on the love story of Henry and Clare and ignored the other characters’ involvement and influence on the main characters’ decision as opposed to the book. Critiques aside, the story was very poignant. It provided various themes such as the importance of time, love, family, marriage, sex and reality. Love was expressed and interpreted by the characters in various ways- physical lovemaking, Clare’s patience (or impatience) for waiting Henry from his travels, and sacrifices that each of them made in their pursuit of happiness. It was emphasized that love is an important aspect of life that overcomes and recognizes no obstacles. The film also gives the audience the idea of struggle between life as something that is already written and pre-determined, and the capacity or power of our free will and choices. Sex and racism, to some extent, is depicted in the movie. It shows the importance of physical connection to the intimacy of the main characters. In addition, the character of Eric Bana criticized the Republicans and hunters. Lastly, versions of reality were presented- that of Henry’s and of Clare’s. It gives the audience the impression that reality is subjective and thereby influenced by emotions. Time Traveler’s Wife can be considered as a carpe diem movie. Although it contains a timeline structure that is quite confusing for the viewers and disturbing scenes and language, the film earns the audience awe and tears by the story of two lovers who are victims of the unpredictable fate.

Experiement to test for anions and cations Essay Example

Experiement to test for anions and cations Essay Example Experiement to test for anions and cations Paper Experiement to test for anions and cations Paper The aim of the experiment is to test an unknown substance with a variety of experimental methods, by doing this the identity of the substance will be known. The two types of different testing methods will be anions and cations. Cations are positively charged ions; this is because the atom looses an electron during a reaction, therefore having fewer electrons than protons. Anions are negatively charged ions, as the atom gains an electron during a reaction, therefore having more electrons than protons. An ion is an atom or molecule that either has gained or lost either one or more electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. The concept of atoms loosing or gaining electrons is known as ionic bonding. Meaning that when an atom of a single element offers electrons to atoms of another element a bond is formed. By observing any chemical changes in the experiment (for example, colour change, precipitate formation or expelling of gas), it should be easy to identify the unknown substance. A chemical change is when a new substance is produced for example the burning of magnesium metal in oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. It is an irreversible reaction, meaning that it is impossible to reverse the reaction back to how it originally was. Hypothesis It is to be expected that it will be possible to identify each unknown cation and anion by various testing methods. Safety assessment Goggles Should be worn to prevent any spillages coming into contact with the eyes Lab coat Should be worn to prevent any spillages on clothes. Glass ware Correct procedures to be followed for cleaning up, if any breakages occur. Liquids Acids being used in experiment, ALL are corrosive and SOME give off pungent fumes. Correct procedures must be followed if any spillages occur. All liquids, when finished should be diluted and disposed off down the sink, unless told otherwise. Gloves should be worn, with both gloves and hands being thoroughly washed when finished with the experiment. Fume cupboard Should be switched on to provide ventilation for any toxic/pungent fumes. Method Testing for cations (Substance I) A small spatula of substance I was added to a test tube, along with distilled water filling half of the test tube. 2. Using a Bunsen burner the test tube was placed into a blue flame to help it dissolve, and was then allowed to cool. 3. A clean test tube was taken and 1/3 of the solution was added to it, along with 5 drops of dilute sodium hydroxide. 4. No precipitate was formed, so the test tube was placed back into the Bunsen flame, with a piece of moist litmus paper placed over the top of the tube (ensuring that it didnt touch) 5. The paper turned from red to blue, indicating that substance I was ammonium. Testing for cations (Substance J) 1. A small spatula of substance I was added to a test tube, along with distilled water filling half of the test tube. 2. Using a Bunsen burner the test tube was placed into a blue flame to help it dissolve, and was then allowed to cool. 3. A clean test tube was taken and 1/3 of the solution was added to it, along with 5 drops of dilute sodium hydroxide. 4. No precipitate was formed, so the test tube was placed back into the Bunsen flame, with a piece of moist litmus paper placed over the top of the tube (ensuring that it didnt touch) 5. The paper had no change and remained red. 6. A flame test was then done using nichrome wire and a small sample of the solid. 7. The flame turned a yellow/orange colour and was identified as sodium. Testing for anions (Substance J) 1. A small spatula of substance J was added to a test tube, along with 2 dropfulls of dilute hydrochloric acid. 2. Using a Bunsen burner the test tube was placed into a blue flame and warmed gently. 3. No gas was given off, so three drops of barium chloride was added to the test tube. A white precipitate had formed, indicating that it was a sulphate. Testing for anions (Substance I) 1. A small spatula of substance I was added to a test tube, along with 2 dropfulls of dilute hydrochloric acid. 2. Using a Bunsen burner the test tube was placed into a blue flame and warmed gently. 3. No gas was given off, so three drops of barium chloride was added to the test tube. 4. No white precipitate had formed, and the solution was discarded with lots of water down the sink. 5. A fresh solution of substance I was made, with a small amount of water. An equal amount of dilute nitric acid was then added to the test tube, along with 3 drops of silver nitrate solution. 7. No precipitate was formed and the solution was again discarded with lots of water down the sink. 8. A fresh solution of substance I was made, with a small amount of water. 9. Using gloves, a few crystals of iron (II) sulphate were added to the test tube and concentrated sulphuric was added slowly and in drops down the side of the test tube, in a fume cupboard. 10. A brown ring had formed between the two liquids and the substance was identified as a nitrate.

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Case analysis - Essay Example As there will be no entry for the wage expense in the current period, so there will also be no recording of wage payable liability in the current period. The whole transaction will be unrecorded and no accounting entry in the current year will be made. However, in next year when wage is paid, following entry will be recorded If the original way is adopted, then there will be lesser net income in current period and more liabilities as wage expense will reduce the net income of the current period and wage payable will increase the liability for the current period. However if alternative way is adopted then income in current period will be overstated as wage expense is not being recorded in current period to which they belong. Similarly liabilities will be understated due to no recording of wage payable liability. If in next period origination reverts back to original method, then expense in the next period will be overstated due to recording of previous year expenses in current year. This will result in lower net income in next year. Dilemma for Tom, the manager, is that he has increased amount of debt to pay due to a sick family member and part of his earning, bonus, depends upon the net income during the year. He will only be paid bonus if the net income of the year exceeds the budgeted income for the year. However in the current year, the net income is lagging behind the budgeted income. This means that he will not be paid bonus this year. If he receives no bonus in current year, then his financial position will be very week as he has incurred large amount of debt in current year. So there is clear motive for him to window dress expenses and income in current year so that net income exceeds the budgeted income so that he is paid bonus in the current year. Accountant has been working under the current manager for five years and is very appreciative

Medieval Warcraft part 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medieval Warcraft part 13 - Essay Example For example in the application of medieval weapons, greater display of mastery of technology was showed (Castle Battle, 1978). In the picture below, it would be seen how the soldiers at the time displayed maximum sense of basic mechanics and translated into technology to get their targets rightly hit. Topographically and geographically, the French and Phillip II for that matter seemed to have greater advantage the resulted in the outcome of the attack. For example the situation of the Chateau Gaillard, which was surrounded by the great river gave Phillip II and his soldiers an advantage of overcoming the dwellers of the castle by destroying the bridge and subsequently cutting short on the movements of the dwellers of the castle (Medieval Media, 2012). Indeed, if this had not been and the soldiers had had their maximum freedom to operate, the likelihood that they would have easily fought back was higher because the attack was launched in their own

EDMA_601_Assignment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDMA_601_Assignment - Assignment Example Managers are ultimately accountable for the performance of their subordinates, and this can be measured through sales, production costs, etc. In addition to this, managers are also responsible for making sure that goals and objectives are communicated between upper management and the working staff. Managers are required to make sure that employees are staying on track and are moving toward the goals of the firm. Planning involves first determining an end goal or point by which success can be measured. Second, planning requires coming up with a process that will help the organization to get where it ultimately wants to. Finally, there needs to be the flexibility to readjust goals part way through the process if the situation changes. The three types of planning are operational, strategic, and contingency. Operational planning has to do with specific goals that are used to achieve job responsibilities. Strategic planning is more about the goals of the entire organization and then matching those up with each department. Finally, contingency planning is putting in emergency measures in case there is a change in the plan. Staffing has to do with assigning employees to roles and training them appropriately. The three major parts of staffing are planning, execution, and maintenance. Planning involves preparing for future changes, execution is how to enact those changes, and maintenance has to do with making sure nothing goes wrong with the changes proposed. The management function of controlling has to do with making a comparison between organizational performance and desired outcomes and then making adjustments to meet those outcomes. Management is all about making sure that the process is continuous and there is a clear chain of command. There are three main types of control: feedforward, concurrent, and feedback. The difference between each of them is that the first attempts to prevent problems from occurring in

Lenins Power Essay Essay Example for Free

Lenins Power Essay Essay Lenin was able to consolidate his power because of the weakness of his opponents. Find evidence to support or refute this statement. Chloe Tomlinson There were many different equally important reasons why Lenin and the Bolsheviks were able to hold on to their power. For Lenin, and the Bolsheviks, winning political power was relatively easy, compared with retaining it. They had many different objects to overcome, such as; Russia was in chaos, politically and economically, and normal government had broken down in large areas, yet despite all these problems Lenin was able to consolidate his power – and create the world’s first communist state. There are four main topics in which Lenin was able hold on to his power; Trotsky’s organisation of the Red Army, the disunity of white oppression, war communism and the leadership qualities of Lenin. The first topic to discuss is Trotsky’s organisation of the Red Army. The Red Army refers to the traditional colour of the communist movement. The conception was that it should be â€Å"formed from the class-conscious and best elements of the working classes.† All citizens of the Russian republic over the age of 18 were eligible. It introduced new methods and orders, one of the foremost order he issued was, â€Å"I give warning†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Trotsky was a superb leader and built it for nothing. Trotsky also had previous experience in relation to armies, he was very courageous, exactly the type of leader that was needed. This formation of the Red Army was very supportive towards Lenin as they were a formidable fighting force, and by 1921 had seen of many threats. For example, the White army, Green armies and various interventionist armies. A second reason in support of this statement is the disunity of white oppression. In June 1918 the Russian civil war broke out. The supporters of the government were called the Reds and their opponents the Whi tes. Japan, Britain, France and the US intervened on the side of the Whites. However the aid was half-hearted and morale among many of the foreign troops were low. The white oppression was seen as a weakness of Lenin’s opponents as the â€Å"whites†, as they were referred to, lacked good leaders, commanders were often cruel, an white generals did not trust each other. Bolshevik forces defeated the different White generals who never fought together and were separated from each other. The main White armies under the Generals Kolchak Denikin, Yudenich, and Wrangel were each in turn crushed. Some of the factors contributing to the Reds victory was due to; the Control of industry,  Bolshevik unity, White disunity. Bolsheviks outnumbered the reds by about three to one and also the fact that most of the industry and railways remained under Bolshevik control A third reason why Lenin was able to consolidate his power was due to War communism. This topic of discussion falls into the category of one of the longer-term effects in Lenin’s chief policies enacted by his aims and ideology. War Communism was an emergency programme establi shed by Lenin during the civil war. It was also a method he used to try and consolidate his power and maintain control of the country. War Communism- helped Lenin achieve his aims of controlling Russia and move towards a more socialist state. The industry was nationalised, grain requisitioning from the peasants to be able to fight the civil war, banning of private trade, labour discipline and the Red Terror. All helped Lenin and the Bolsheviks win the Civil War and so securing their power as well as carry out Bolshevik ideology. As War Communism made Lenin able to win the civil war and secure his power, it was therefore very possible to argue that Lenins rise to power was not complete until after the civil war when he had full control over the country. War Communism was in favour of Lenin being able to consolidate power as the Bolsheviks used terror effectively. There was a six week period known as the Red Terror that saw any remaining aristocracy (most begun to flee the country after February revolution). Monarchists and riches middle class, were arrested, executed, exiled or stripped of their power, estates and pr ivilege. Additionally, in March, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed with the Germans, was the Bolsheviks ending the war. Russia lost the Ukraine, its Polish and Baltic territories, and Finland. The treaty was hugely unpopular in Russia but necessary if the Bolsheviks were to establish control of Russia. Lenin believed that the revolution would soon spread to Germany and this would reduce the effect of the Treaty. A final point that supports the statement of Lenin consolidating his power due to the weakness of his opponents was due to the fact that Lenin had good leadership qualities. An example of this would be that the Bolsheviks were highly disciplined party that was fiercely loyal to Lenin and was also a politically astute man. Lenin was able to adapt Marxism to fit the changing situation, keeping Bolshevik support and popularising the parties polices. Furthermore, another advantage was that radical parties were very popular in Russia before the October Revolution and Lenin was  skilfully able to take some of the policies of his rivals and make them appear to both Marxism and distinctly Lennist. T here is also a refute side to this statement as there is within every discussion. There are two main topics that refute such as my first viewpoint is that the Bolshevik party had no experience of running a country before and they did also not have the support from most of the Russian population. Therefore they were in a weak position and need more support. Lenin could not afford the popular tide of aspirations that had led to the failure of the Tsar as well as the Provisional Government, so he gave the people what they wanted in order to secure support for his reign. For example Lenin gave the Russian people Land reform. This was an aim that gave that gave the peasants the right to take over the estates of the gentry, without compensation to the landlords, and for themselves decide the best way to divide it up. This however, went against Bolshevik ideology and was the start of the kulak problem that Stalin was later to be faced with. Another point in refute to this statement is that Maxim Gorky, a leading Bolshevik party, intellectual, was particularly unhappy with Lenin’s actions. He revealed his despondency of the time, writing â€Å"the best Russians had lived for almost a 100 years with the idea of a Constituent Assembly as a political organ. Extra information on refute to this statement also comes from yet again, War Communism. This included forced seizure of grain, nationalization of all trade and industry and strict control of labour. As a result of this program and of the ravages of the war, industrial and agricultural production declined sharply, and the population suffered severe hardship. It caused a famine that led to the death of an estimated 5 million people. This would have made Lenin and the Bolshevik party massively unpopular as an estimated of 5 million people were dead and holding Lenin responsible as he introduced this emergency programme which resulted severely for everyone.

The Ozone Layer and Climate Change Essay -- Global Warming Environment

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution early in the nineteenth century, our ability to change the world around us has become profound. At first, the impact on our planet was almost imperceptible, but as we have grown both in number and technological capability, that influence has grown with us. Lately, the effects of our increased activity have begun to manifest themselves in a multitude of subtle, and some not so subtle ways: we have thinned the ozone layer and may now be starting to change the very climate system upon which we and all other life on Earth depend. In effect, we are experimenting with the future, but unlike performing a laboratory experiment, which can be scrapped and begun anew if it fails, altering the climate is something that cannot be easily undone. Whatever happens, we shall all be forced to live with the consequences for a very long time. The author of Ozone and Climate Change - A Beginner's Guide, Stephen J. Reid, has managed to put one of the most c omplex environmental problems into the simplest words. But as he has already mentioned, undoing what we have done to the ozone layer is not that simple. The ozone layer or ozonosphere is the region of the stratosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone, a pale blue, highly poisonous gas with a strong odor. Ozone is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. Ozone at ground level is a health hazard. High concentrations of ozone at ground level are dangerous to breathe and can damage the lungs. Ozone in the upper atmosphere, however, is vital to life. The ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation from penetrating to the earth's surface but does allow through sufficient ultraviolet rays to ... ... on this planet possible. Works Cited Lunsford, Andrea A., Ruszkiewicz, John J. The Presence of Others - Third Edition. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000, 237-243. Reid, Stephen J. Ozone and Climate Change - A Beginner's Guide. Singapore: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 2000. Christie, Maureen. The Ozone Layer - A Philosophy of Science Perspective. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Grundmann, Reiner. Transnational Environmental Policy - Reconstructing Ozone. London/New York: Routledge, 2001. Encyclopedia.com. "The Montreal Protocol." December 1, 2002. . CNN.com - Antarctic Ozone Hole Splits in Two. Richard Stenger. September 30, 2002. December 1, 2002. . EPA-OAQPS Ozone: Good Up High, Bad Nearby. December 2, 2002. . An Introduction to the Science of Ozone Depletion: Green Nature. December 2, 2002. .

Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans Essay

DRAKEN needs new growth methods, product development and new revenue sources. The implementation plan below will identify the course of action best suited for the company along with the objectives, functional tactics, action items, milestones, task ownership, and resource allocation. Also, the plan includes financial information including financial projections and a break-even analysis chart that will be used as the basis for moving the business forward. Strategy and Implementation The key strategy for DRAKEN is to build their operations and marketing around buildings and retail stores that are large enough to have permanent, on-site security needs, but not so large that they can save significant money by developing security staff in-house. To achieve this strategy, DRAKEN will: Train guards well for permanent check-in, patrol, and surveillance positions Use advertising and targeted lists to locate and market to these customer markets Focus specifically on guard services and high-level consulting audits, while outsourcing or referring to vendors for security equipment and system needs (ADT) Objectives According to Pearce, R., (2013), â€Å"Objectives or short-term objectives are measureable outcomes achievable or intended to be achieved in one year or less.† DRAKEN will base its success on meeting the following objectives: 1. Employ additional 25 full-time equivalent security guards by the end of the year 2015. 2. Supply security guards to 15 more buildings on a full-time basis by the end the year 2015. 3. Earn $2 million in revenue with net profit over $300,000 by the end of 2015. Functional Tactics According to Pearce, R., (2013), functional tactics are â€Å"detailed statements of the means or activities that will be used by a company to achieve short-term objectives and establish competitive advantage.† DRAKEN will built a competitive edge through high levels of customer service and assurance. The company will strive to not be a broker between clients and contracted security guards, as some security guard providers become, but instead be a partner in the security and protection of client’s assets, with security guards as a major tool in that protection. This strategy will require DRAKEN to carefully audit a client’s security situation and to work with them on plans to upgrade and maintain that security. DRAKEN supervisors will continually check in with clients and with the guards sent to client sites to learn about the challenges they are facing. Action items To reach its target markets of building management companies and large retail businesses, DRAKEN will use the following tactics: Improvement of a the basic â€Å"brochure† website, adding additional services, including corporate training, event planners, careers at DRAKEN, testimonials, and an open blog site. Advertising in trade publications read by managers in these two industries Advertising online with Google AdWords around keywords for security services and security guards, especially associated with these two types of customers New, more professional looking business cards and brochures for management and agents to distribute on appointments and while networking with Los Angeles business networking groups Direct selling work based on purchasing or developing target lists Direct mail of brochures and letters to these target lists of potential clients in the greater Los Angeles area. Milestones and a deadline The budgets for all marketing and personal relations (PR), and creating the brochure/stationery and website come out of the operating budget as they occur. The Chief Operating Officer will manage all marketing and sales activities while the CEO will set up accounting and operating systems and interview potential guards. These bullet points keep DRAKEN on track in its important milestones and deadlines. This helps DRAKEN management and everyone within the company to have a sense of urgency about what needs to be done. Tasks and task ownership The CEO and the COO are the primary salespersons for DRAKEN. They meet with clients at their location to perform an initial consultation and will create proposals for security services based on the client’s needs. DRAKEN management is tracking sales prospects and clients with ACT, a client management database system. The owner’s sales strategy is to listen carefully to the needs of the client and to provide assurance through stories of their experience and an expert understanding of their needs and concerns. While DRAKEN proposals may not be the lowest cost bids a potential client receives, DRAKEN management will follow up with care and the same personal attention that clients will receive if they move forward with using DRAKEN’s services. Resource allocation Resources will be allocated to all functional units in the business according to their needs. Functional units will be required to prepare annual budget for the finances they need to make units operational throughout the financial year. More resources will be committed to activities that generate more income to the business. Some of the profit generated from DRAKEN operations will be used in corporate social responsibility activities of the business. Key success factors DRAKEN believes the keys to success in its industry include: 1. Listening carefully to client concerns and objectives to create customized security guard packages 2. Knowing what the client does not know (bringing deep security expertise as well as knowledge of legal regulations and liability to the table) 3. Training security guards carefully and maintaining their training and certifications (e.g. to carry firearms) 4. Monitoring the  quality of security guard service to offer quality assurance Budget, and forecasted financials, including a break-even chart DRAKEN expects to produce excess cash after a lean year of operation in 2015, which can finance its expansion to an office space along with a 5 year home equity loan to support significant growth of its employee base in 2016 and 2017 to 25 FTE security guards (which can be estimated as 10 full-time guards and 30 part-time guards). Future growth will be financed by the business and will include launching operations in other citi es out of state and launching a line of security products. Budget The balance of start-up funding for 2015 will be provided from DRAKENS’s working capital of $56’000. Sales Forecast Security guard sales will be recurring. Assuming a client retention rate of 90% annually, based on DRAKEN CEO’s track record in the business, total sales will escalate quickly. Sales will be a combination of clients requiring 24/7 coverage and those with only daytime coverage. 40% of sales in dollars are expected from 24/7 clients. Sales are expected to meet the objective of $1.75 million in the third year. Direct costs of sales consist of supplies specific to each job, such as uniforms which must be purchased. Uniform may be a branded DRAKEN uniform, or contain the customer’s branding to provide the visible presence of security at the job site. Additional sets of uniforms must be purchased by the guards from the designated uniform provider. Suits for executive protection assignments, laundry, and cleaning of uniforms is the responsibility of the guards as well. Job supplies will include materials related to security audits and specific equipment purchases for a job as well. Break-even Analysis Monthly Revenue Break-even $24,475 Average Percent Variable Cost 4% Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $23,407 The monthly break-even is low due to the cost savings by operating the office out of the CEO’s home in 2015. This allows for the business to become profitable quickly. Projected Profit and Loss Security guard labor is estimated at 55% of sales in 2015, dropping slightly to 53% by the 2017 as prices increase and cheaper labor becomes available due to the range of employees. Marketing includes ongoing Web hosting and maintenance fees, continued revisions and reprinting of the brochure and stationery, additional direct mail campaigns, ongoing advertising in trade publications, and online advertising for the website. Rent, utilities, and depreciation will be expenses beginning in 2016 when an office space is required. Training requires the use of larger meeting rooms for groups of guards which will have to be rented separately. Training cost will be reduced once an office is rented, as the business will choose a space with a conference room or table to hold employee training at the office. Training will be an ongoing expense both due to turnover and due to continued training and check-ins with employees. Licenses and permits will include licenses for new guards to carry firearms and to operate, and continued renewals of licensing and permits for the business each year. Net profit will swing to a net loss in 2016 due to the opening of an office space. Net profit will occur in 2017 again as the business scales up to cover these additional costs.

A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand

â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand† The phrase, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand† became famous as a quotation from Lincoln’s â€Å"A house divided† speech delivered at 17 June 1858, in what was then the Illinois State Capitol in Springfield, upon accepting the Illinois Republican Party's nomination as that state's senator of the United States . The speech became the launching point for his unsuccessful campaign.Abraham Lincoln was not the first one who used the â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand† phrase: Sam Huston used it during the Senate debate on the Compromise of 1850,during the War of 1812; a similar line appeared in a letter from Abigail Adams to Mercy Otis Warren. Thomas Paine in 1776 and Thomas Hobbes, in 1651 used something very similar. We, as humans, are social beings†¦so we cannot live alone. We need friends and people with whom we can share our thoughts, our feelings, our life, our e xperiences and so on. For this reason we form all kinds of groups (friends group, school group, workplace group).If the members of a group are not united, they will be much more easier to defeat by a â€Å"common enemy† or by nature itself. If a group (house) is divided against himself, members will be more easier to beat one by one, then if they are united and their power cumulated. Even if, hypothetically, there is only one group and there will be no external danger, if the member of that group is disunited, the group could not stand and, sooner or later, if the conflicts are not solved, the group will divide in at least two other smaller groups( each one more powerless than the original group will be if its members are united).The â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand† phrase applies very well to smaller (but more bounding) groups. For example, a family where the partners are always arguing against each other, it will be very hard (if not impossible) to get over the life challenges and succeed together in life. It is even worse if that family involves at least a child, because it is very probably that he will follow his parents` example and be more rigid with his partner when he will grow up.Another good example are the groups formed in a world full of sharks all running for the biggest prey and winning: the businessman world. If two (or more) business associates are not united they will surely lose because bigger or more cunning sharks will profit from their division against each other. In conclusion a house divided against itself cannot stand (SEE What I did there? ) because it is much more difficult conquer it if its members are united than applying the famous quotation : divide et impera! .