Arts and Socitey essays

Expressions and Socitey papers There was a looming fate going to the humble community of Calamity. Unbeknownst to the residents it would come right off the bat upon a congregation on the edges of a town. A couple of individuals were inside as the fate came nearer. Minister Tom was the first in the congregation to sees what might frequent the town and was terrified. He pushes a young lady out of the entryway as he speeds into the congregation. He keeps on excepting the entryway and close up the entirety of the windows as the amazed gathering gazes on at him with doubt. He dropped to his knees and asked as a noisy clamor reverberated through the structure. The group started to shout as the windows shook and the structure influenced. Out of nowhere, a whine could be gotten notification from the rear of the structure. The sound was indisputable, it was the minuscule voice of little Lisa Cunningham. Mrs. Hamm limped rapidly over to the entryway before any other person could respond. She opened the entryway up as Father Ted at last woke up. Lisa flung herself through the entryway into the arms of Mrs. Hamm. Father Ted rushed for the entryway and hammered his shoulder into it directly before an obscure power slammed against the other side. Mrs. Hamm got a handle on the youngster as and endeavored to support her as a sharp agony emitted in her bosom. She looked down and saw a dim stain developing on her blue dress and jolted the youngster away. Everyones eyes went wide as they saw the scene unfurling before them. Lisa stood grinning; face shrouded in blood, and started to snicker insanely. Mrs. Hamm was getting crazy too, as she saw that one side of her chest had decreased than the different as a colossal lump had been nibbled away by the kid. Over the turmoil that was a youngster, almost a similar age as Lisa, who was taking in the whole scene with a frown from the space on the second degree of the congregation. He was unable to accept what he was taking in, however he had an abnormal kind of commonality with the scene. Dave, being a ... <!

Exercise Intervention Anxiety Disorder Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(41) upset has been assessed to be about 1. Foundation: The health advantages of practicing are acceptable recorded and these impacts could help individuals with tension irritated, affectional and temper upset, and substances misuse. Mental surprises are significant open health essentialness. It has been asserted that incredible physical movement effectsly affects mental health in both clinical and nonclinical populaces. We will compose a custom exposition test on Exercise Intervention Anxiety Disorder Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now This paper surveys the reason for this case and gives proposals to future surveies. Points: To locate the psychological wellbeing impacts of practicing for individuals with uneasiness annoyed, affectional and temper upset, and substances utilize upset. Search Scheme: Clinical tests on nervousness agitated, affectional and temper upset, and substances utilize upset ( August 2010 ) were looked through dependent on Cochraine, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycheArticles, Sport Discuss, and PubMed database. Notices from significant archives were other than reviewed. Decision Standards: All randomized controlled tests looking at any mediation where physical action or practicing was viewed as the boss or dynamic fixing with standard consideration or different intercessions for individuals with nervousness annoyed, affectional and temper upset, and substances utilize upset. Information Collection A ; Analysis: Citations and conceptual were reviewed and the quality is surveyed, and the informations were removed. Principle outcome: Ten randomized clinical tests fulfilled the incorporation guidelines. Tests surveyed the impacts of practicing on physical and mental wellbeing for full of feeling/mind-set and tension bombshell, other than the ingestion adjustment on illegal medications and intoxicant. By and large figure go forthing the tests were lt ; 50 % . Most tests use practicing as adornment mediation to standard consideration and discovered significant ( p lt ; 0.05 ) outcome of practicing towards better mental territory and propensity shaping conduct. Exercise were found to better physical fittingness ( VO2 max = 0.48 mlO2/min ) . There is no significant outcome of practicing action and quality in nervousness upset however significant for gloom and substance use upset ( DASS Cohen ‘s nutrient D = 0.82, Depression: d= 0.57, Anxiety d= 0.92, Stress d= 0.76 ; PDA gt ; 60 % ) . Exercise outcome is higher than standard consideration altogether or adornment mediation with hypothesis. Exercise portion contra sts for basic wellness degree, physical prosperity, and age. Green condition go about as quickening agent while smoking conduct hinder the fittingness result. Foundation There are around 450 million individuals experienced mental and social miracles around the world. One individual in four will create at least one of these miracles during their life-time [ 1 ] . Mental miracles add to around 11 % of 1996 sickness load worldwide and it is anticipated that it will increment up to 15 % in 2020 [ 2 ] . By taking a gander at nearby setting, about portion of Australian populace experience mental unwellness sooner or later of their life-time [ 3 ] , which contribute 13.3 % of the whole state heap of sickness and hurt in 2003 [ 4 ] . A decent mental wellbeing empower single to oversee day by day occasions and deterrents, chip away at their closures, and guide practically in the public eye. Minor bothers in mental health could with keep early intervention will non simply an endured to the individual yet next to a heap to their family units and society well. The monetary and individual expenses of mental unwellness are other than the major worried in cultural and open wellbeing. Exercise was accepted to increase individual ‘s capacity to get by with and pull off their psychological surprise separated from its great reported physical health advantage. Improved personal satisfaction is exceptionally of import for people with awful and processing mental health occupations as practicing may mitigate despondency, low self-pride and cultural backdown. A Mental miracle is typically decided through clinical diagnosings using the ICD10 or DSM-IV gauges. In Australia, tension steamed, affectional and temper upset and substances abuse are the boss mental bombshell in this state [ 3 ] along these lines will be utilized in this reappraisal. Portrayal of the status Uneasiness Disorder Uneasiness upsets are a gathering of unwellnesss described by steady sentiments of high nervousness, most extreme awkwardness and strained quality which will essentially meddles with their everyday life. Its regularly come out of nowhere and gave extraordinary physical manifestations, for example, brevity of breath, palpitations, sudating, trembling, sentiments of gagging, disorder, stomach hurt, energy, pins and acerate leafs, sentiments of losing control and additionally sentiments of approaching moment of retribution [ 4 ] . Nervousness agitates other than influence the way an individual thinks, feels, and acts. There is distinctive figure of nervousness upsets which incorporate frenzy upset, agoraphobia, cultural phobic issue, summed up tension irritated, over the top urgent miracle, and post-horrendous accentuation upset, which most much of the time start in early development and basic among grown-up females than work powers [ 5, 17 ] . It is accounted for that lifetime predomin ance of whole nervousness upset was 10.6 % †16.6 % [ 23 ] . Affectional Disorder Affectional bombshell portrayed by emotional modifications or boundaries of temper which incorporate excited or burdensome scenes, and every now and again blends of the two. They may or may non hold insane indications, for example, crazy convictions, pipedreams, or different loss of contact with world [ 9 ] . This annoyed could be ordered into sorrow, dysthymic sadness, enthusiasm, hypomania, and bipolar affectional surprise [ 5 ] . For lifetime pervasiveness, the comparing pooled rate rates were 6.7 per 100, 3.6 per 100, and 0.9 per 100 for a few significant burdensome miracle ( MDD ) dysthymic melancholy irritated and bipolar I issue classs [ 16 ] . Substance use upset Substance use upset alludes to mental and social bombshell resulting from psychotropic substance utilization, for example, intoxicant, opoids, others incitements, hallucinogenic medications, baccy and unstable surprises [ 5 ] . The point of convergence of this paper will take a gander at the overview on intoxicant and illegal medications. For the time being, the individual may understand these impacts as rather attractive by and by, delayed and substantial use may result in physical injury, reliance, and backdown occupations and long haul mental damage or cultural injury. This will prompts harming, hurtful use, dependance, and maniacal miracles [ 5 ] . Hurtful utilization is analyzed when mischief has been caused to physical and mental health. Reliance disorder include powerful urge to take substance and inconvenience in charge the utilization, physical backdown, resilience, dismissal of substitute pleasance and association, and determined use in spite of injury to self as well as ot her people. Demonstrate predominance of intoxicant utilization upset has been assessed to be around 1. You read Exercise Intervention Anxiety Disorder Health And Social Care Essay in class Article examples7 % all inclusive, which higher rate among work powers 2.8 % to grown-up females 0.5 % [ 18 ] . While, the heap inferable from illegal medications was assessed at 0.4 % of whole illness load, and financial expense of this unsafe medications dependants and utilization in the United State has been evaluated to be USD98 billion [ 22 ] . Exercise and mental wellbeing There is no individual instrument has yet been found to sufficiently elucidate the differing extent of mental health impacts conceivable through physical action commitment. The conceivable instruments for mental modification through physical movement and practicing harvest time into one of three wide situations as clarified by Mutrie ( 2003 ) where there is biochemical changes, for example, expanded degrees of synapses ; physiological adjustments, for example, improved thermo-beginning, musculus and cardiovascular guide and, recommended mental adjustments, for example, cultural help, feeling of freedom, improved perceptual encounters of competency, upgraded natural structure picture, self-adequacy and interruption. Significant of reappraisal There is a turning affirmation that physical action can uplift mental health ( Faulkner 2005 ) . Notwithstanding by this reality, there is as yet constrained grounds to propose the impacts of practicing on tension furious, affectional and temper upset, and substances misuse announced in the populace portrayed by these psychological unwellnesss. The purpose of this reappraisal is to focus explicitly on methodologically exacting tests in refreshing current agreement refering the conceivable capacity of practicing in bettering the psychological health of people with nervousness annoyed, affectional and temper upset, and substances utilize upset. Point To locate the psychological health impacts of practicing programs for individuals with uneasiness annoyed, affectional and temper upset, and substances utilize upset, and factors that improve the outcome. Strategy Sorts of members Clinically analyzed adult ( matured 17 and supra ) with analyzed uneasiness agitated, affectional and temper upset, and substances misuse using any gauges, with any length of unwellness and in any mediation scene. Kinds of interventions Physical movement or practicing will be the boss or dynamic components intervention concentrated in this reappraisal. As an outcome of most clinical themes is under mediation, intervention in simultaneousness with others will be viewed as each piece great. Just interventions which address mental health aftereffect of working out, its portion, and factors ascribe to adequacy will be incorporated. Others practice overview that conceivably talked about the aftereffect of uplifting physical practicing intervention on mental health position will other than will be incorporated for imminent reappraisal. Sorts of result steps Results were

Comparing and Contrasting the Pardoners Tale and the Wife of Bath Tale Free Essays

I. Definitions A. Controls all items B. We will compose a custom article test on Looking into the Pardoners Tale and the Wife of Bath Tale or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Is a piece of the Economic System C. Arrangement of society of living things D. Political speculations supporting group or administrative proprietorship II. Master and Cons A. Social projects 1. Nourishment stamps 2. Open lodging 3. General medicinal services 4. Government funded training B. Takes into account a steady economy C. All free enterprise framework is about individual and solitary life 1. individuals don’t essentially prefer to share 2. think their higher than each other D. Circulates the abundance of a country III. Insights And Facts A. Communism is uniformity for all and an uncouth framework B. Became along in the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century 1. response to the monetary and social changes 2. mechanical insurgency C. had become the most significant political power on the landmass D. Majority rule communism took firm root in European governmental issues after World War 1 IV. Key Figures A. Idealistic Socialist 1. Communist essayist 2. Followed Babeuf B. Louis Blanc 1. Followed the Utopians 2. Set forward an arrangement of social workshops in 1840 C. Marxism . European communism 2. Hypothetical reason for most communist idea D. Equitable communism 1. Took firm root in European legislative issues after World War I 2. taken an interest in government in Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, and different countries E. Christian communism V. Determination A. Has frameworks of social association B. Communist gatherings came to control in numerous countries all through the world C. Puts stock in the expulsion of all outskirts between nations D. Incorporates a various exhibit of political ways of thinking ‘ Step by step instructions to refer to Comparing and Contrasting the Pardoners Tale and the Wife of Bath Tale, Papers

Reproductive Technology And The Medical Field - 1946 Words

Reproductive technology is one of the most revolutionary developments in the medical field today. One of the newest and most advanced developments in modern medicine is in vitro fertilization (IVF). In vitro fertilization is a reproductive technology in which an egg and sperm are combined in a petri dish and then transferred to a woman’s uterus. This technique is widely used for parents struggling with infertility. This advancement in technology has created the possibility for what scientists are calling, â€Å"designer babies†. A designer baby is a fetus with genes that may be chosen by parents to prevent genetically-transmitted diseases, select the gender of the baby, and most controversially, to choose various physical and mental characteristics such as eye color, hair color, intelligence, and athletic and musical abilities. Although there may be some benefits to being able to genetically modify a child by eliminating diseases, this technique raises many ethical and medical issues. Bioethicists, geneticists and others have suggested that genetically modifying babies may cause miscarriage, other potential dangers such as an increase in class divisions in society, and have unknown effects on other gene characteristics if one gene is altered. Other problems raised include societal issues such as sex discrimination and discrimination favoring designer babies over non-designer babies. I propose that parents should not be allowed to alter and choose a fetus’s genetics exceptShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. Advancements in this field has expanded family options significantly with the advent of reproductive technologies such as in vetro fertilization, embryo transplant, and varying genetic testing and screening (Finsterbusch, 2008). H owever, what drives humanity to want to modify humankind? Should there be limits placed on these modifications? AndRead MoreEthics Reproductive Technologies. Nicole Hedrick. Baker1371 Words   |  6 PagesEthics Reproductive Technologies Nicole Hedrick Baker College HSC 402A /Dr. Eric Oestmann/Seminar One Position/Argument Essay Abstract There are people around the world trying to have children right now, that cannot and need to use services like reproductive technology to even have the chance of a little one in their future. NRTs are one thing that can help, and it is moving forward with the advancements in technology and science. 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Genetic cloning is rather self explanatory, the cloning of genetic cells, where one study genetic variations within a person or animal andRead MoreThe Cloning Debate On Cloning1227 Words   |  5 PagesEva Gaetz Sec 09 Kanchan Hulasare The Cloning Debate According to Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, the term â€Å"cloning† is defined as â€Å"a procedure for producing multiple copies of genetically identical organisms or cells or of individual genes.† Researchers have conducted several cloning experiments over the years, replicating tissues, organs, and even full organisms such as Dolly the Sheep in 1997. The history of cloning dates back to the early 1900’s when Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch studied the resultsRead MoreCloning Pros And Cons Of Cloning1147 Words   |  5 Pagesscience and technology has been introduced to where cloning can intentionally be done. Some people see this type of science and technology of cloning as beneficial to society whereas other people find this type of procedure to be inhumane and not beneficial for any purposes. Science has the ethical obligation to present to the public both the benefits of the science and technology process of cloning, such as eliminating birth defects, as wel l as the burdens of the science and technology process of

BYU Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Brigham Young University is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 65%. Located in Provo, Utah, BYU has over 33,000 students and offers 179 undergraduate majors. Brigham Young is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a large percentage of students do missionary work during their college years. In athletics, the BYU Cougars compete in the NCAA Division I  West Coast Conference. Considering applying to BYU? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Brigham Young University had an acceptance rate of 65%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 65 were admitted, making BYUs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 11,784 Percent Admitted 65% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 78% SAT Scores and Requirements Brigham Young University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 28% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 600 710 Math 590 710 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of BYUs admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Brigham Young scored between 600 and 710, while 25% scored below 600 and 25% scored above 710. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 590 and 710, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 710. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1420 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at BYU. Requirements Brigham Young does not require the SAT writing section. Note that BYU does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. BYU does not require SAT Subject test scores. ACT Scores and Requirements Brigham Young University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 90% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 26 34 Math 26 30 Composite 26 31 This admissions data tells us that most of BYUs admitted students fall with the top 18% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Brigham Young received a composite ACT score between 26 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 26. Requirements Note that BYU does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Brigham Young University does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for incoming BYU freshman was 3.86. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Brigham Young University have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Brigham Young University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Brigham Young University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Brigham Young University, which accepts two-thirds of applicants, is somewhat selective. BYU has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. They are looking for students who will excel in four main areas: spiritual, intellectual, character building, and lifelong learning and service. BYU also requires every applicant to have an ecclesiastical endorsement. An important part of BYUs admissions process are the personal essays as a demonstration of leadership, special talents, creativity, and the applicants writing ability. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Brigham Young University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Sault Saint Marie, Ontario An Analysis - 767 Words

From an outsider’s perspective, the city of Sault Saint Marie, Ontario is not one that initially appears as being beautiful. As a result of the Algoma Steel Plant (the town’s primary industry), a pervasive scent of tar often paves the air and so, coats the lungs in the burning by-products of melted rubber. The persistence of long, harsh winters, courtesy of residing in the â€Å"True North† and along the banks of Lake Superior—where wind and water gush like spilled arteries over the land and sky—means that much of the Sault’s infrastructure has likewise melted with the frequent snowfall. This is prevalent in the sidewalks and roads which are in many places cracked, or in the process of doing so; they are like fissured wounds of asphalt that†¦show more content†¦Outcroppings of Pine and Birch shifted in the unrelenting wind as if they were the scales on the bodies of primordial dragons attempting to settle their massive forms into the damp ground beneath them. An endless horizon of white edged waves bit at the tails of one another in a crashing cacophony until they foamed, frothed and broke against the shore. Moving along the beach, I noticed a variety of vibrant rocks clustered together like bright patches of nebula against the darkened pitch of sand. Here was a crater of red, there, multiple rings of green set into a granite base, and even farther away there were whole galaxies of stone dusted in slices of quartz and coarse iron. Soon the rising and falling rush of water in my ears was accompanied by the gentle clacking sound of small, mineral galaxies colliding against one another in the confines of my palms. It was as we were preparing to leave that a final rock flashed across my peripheral. As if by some unseen cosmic force, I found myself reeling with the efforts to unearth it. Unlike the others already in my possession, this rock had a dull and rough exterior. Maybe, I was now realizing, it was much the same as the Sault Saint Marie I had always been so quick to scorn. Just like the city, the rock was unattractive, even unassuming, but it was vast upon further consideration. It was a fractal display of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen hidden below a mound of layers. These were the same four elements that made

Mental Health Care in Elderly Patient- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health Care in Elderly Patient. Answer: There are number of mental disorders which are common in older adults and this include depression, anxiety disorders, dementia, delirium, schizophrenia and in extreme cases suicide (Cole Dendukuri 2013). However, the majority of the mental disorder mentioned above do not necessarily occurs as a result of aging. Research suggests that 18 to 37 percent of the older adults suffer from depression during the later part of their life (Inouye et al. 2014). The older people tend to give priority on their physical complications and refuse to acknowledge that they actually feel extremely depressed or sad. They feel that there is a stigma associated with the discussion of mental health conditions (Bridle et al. 2012). However, the consequences of mental disorders are detrimental including functional disability, hamper in the quality of life and disturb rehabilitation (Taylor 2014). Mental disorder if not treatment on time may lead to the generation of some complex somatic disease and hence the old patients are in a great need to both psychological assistance, wellbeing there and supportive care (Barry Edgman-Levitan 2012). The pathophysiology of the mental disorder is complex. The principal pathological impression of the development of the mental illness is the formation of the extracellular amyloid plaques along with intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. This congestion in the brain cells is further accompanied with synaptic degeneration, aneuploidy and hippocampal loss of neurons. These plaques and tangles lead to the generation of several symptoms of mental illness. The major symptoms of the mental disorders include loss of memory, difficulties in thinking or concentrating, lack of problem-solving skills and difficulty in communicating or language problem (Deacon 2013). Out of the several mental illnesses, dementia is mostly common in elderly people. The major symptoms get reflected affected late 50s and the severity increases with the age. A person with dementia may also experience sudden mood swings, throws tantrums and unrelated behaviour. Mental illness of the older adults, if not treated on an urgent basis may take a severe shape. However, the burden of mental illness is borne not only by patient, but also by their carers, both in terms of informal and professional. The pathophysiology of the mental illness shows that the mental illness causes depression so in order to provide effective care to the older adult patients with mental illness, I will prefer anti-depressant like selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs is has comparatively low side-effects and hence more suitable for the treatment of older patients as they are more vulnerable to adverse effects (Pehrson et al. 2013). Proper yet effective treatment of depression causes improvement in the quality of life both the patients and care-givers and also reduces the chances of committing suicides (Pehrson et al. 2013). The mental disorders are either the outcome of the some somatic disease or may eventually lead to the development of the same. Few of the most common somatic disease that are associated with mental illness among the older adults are Cardiac problems (commonly coronary heart disease), Diabetes mellitus, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Cancer, Primary chronic polyarthritis (Kessler et al. 2012). So my understanding of the related pathophysiology of the mental health disease says that the patient centred of mental illness should not only be directed towards the metal complications. I will incorporate timely check up and analysis of the symptoms of the associated somatic diseases in the assessment practice. One of the leading causes of mental illness (mostly depression) among the older adults is lack of social life and support from the family. So the myself, as a nurse or a care giver will practice extensive communication strategy in order to provide them social support and fight back against the loneliness. Research suggests adequate social and emotional support is associated with a reduced susceptibility of mental and physical illness along with morbidity (Clark et al. 2012). Adults with mental illness are usually extremely disappointed with their life so in order to promote their well being, I will observe regular counselling program. Counselling program will include cognitive behavioural therapy, mini mental state examination tool and General Practitioner Assessment of of Cognition Score or GPCOG Screening Test (Clark et al. 2012). Such therapy or test are found to promote personal strength/ self esteemed, improve thinking are concentration related problems along with mood swings (G ould et al. 2012). Supportive care is the principal component for older adults with mental illness. Supportive care is defines as the care given deliver to improve the quality of life of the patients. The principal goal of the supportive care is to give support to the psychological and spiritual problems of the patients along with encouraging them to take medicines and combat the side-effects which are associated with physiological complications (Lloyd et al. 2014). The supportive care is defined as an extensive of palliative care so that the older adults with mental disorders like dementia or anxiety receives good quality yet holistic care that make no difference between the dichotomies of quality care and significant cure from the time of disease diagnosis until and beyond, death (Lloyd et al. 2014). As a nurse I believe that the individual complexity associated with the older adults with mental illness must be embraced with absolute dedication and enthusiasm. Via providing such dedicated support, I will try to improve the quality of lives of both the patients as well as their carers. Supportive Care Plan Biological Psychological Social Spiritual Ethical and Legal Quality treatment based on the geneticback up of the disease (Cotelli et al. 2012) Proper genetic counselling (Cotelli et al. 2012) Extensive review of the lifestyle factors Proper acknowledgement and support towards the spiritual thoughts (Cotelli et al. 2012) Focus on the person oriented care centre (Cotelli et al. 2012) Reduction of the biological risk factors associated with mental health like cardiovascular disease (Cotelli et al. 2012) Proper emotional support to the patient suffering from depression and dementia (Cotelli et al. 2012) Review and analysis of the environmental risk factors such as risk associated with wandering behaviour (Cotelli et al. 2012) Help in observing specific religious practices (Cotelli et al. 2012) Giving proper medical diagnosis (Cotelli et al. 2012) Thus from the above essay it can be concluded that mental health disorders among the older adults is not majorly due to the physical complication and often remains untreated or unrecognised. I as a nurse in the elderly care domain will promote the strategy of supportive care, well being care to improve the overall mental health backup of these patients. Moreover, I will also take the pathophysiology into consideration to treat or handle the disease accordingly. Reference List Barry, M.J. Edgman-Levitan, S., 2012, Shared decision makingthe pinnacle of patient-centered care, New England Journal of Medicine,vol. 366, no. 9, pp.780-81. Bridle, C., Spanjers, K., Patel, S., Atherton, N.M. Lamb, S.E., 2012, Effect of exercise on depression severity in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, The British Journal of Psychiatry,vol. 201, no. 3, pp.180-85. Clark, F., Jackson, J., Carlson, M., Chou, C.P., Cherry, B.J., Jordan-Marsh, M., Knight, B.G., Mandel, D., Blanchard, J., Granger, D.A. Wilcox, R.R., 2012, Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in promoting the well-being of independently living older people: results of the Well Elderly 2 Randomised Controlled Trial, J Epidemiol Community Health,vol. 66, no. 9, pp.782-90. Cole, M.G. Dendukuri, N., 2013. Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis, American Journal of Psychiatry,vol. 160, no. 6, pp.1147-56. Cotelli, M., Manenti, R. Zanetti, O., 2012, Reminiscence therapy in dementia: A review, Maturitas,vol. 72, no. 3, pp.203-05. Deacon, B.J., 2013, The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research, Clinical Psychology Review,vol. 33, no. 7, pp.846-61. Gould, R.L., Coulson, M.C. Howard, R.J., 2012, Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in older people: a meta?analysis and meta?regression of randomized controlled trials, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,vol. 60, no. 10, pp.1817-30. Inouye, S.K., Westendorp, R.G. Saczynski, J.S., 2014, Delirium in elderly people, The Lancet,vol. 383, no. 9920, pp.911-22. Kessler, R.C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N.A., Zaslavsky, A.M. Wittchen, H.U., 2012, Twelve?month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States, International journal of methods in psychiatric research,vol. 21, no. 3, pp.169-84. Lloyd-Williams, M., Abba, K. Crowther, J., 2014. Supportive and palliative care for patients with chronic mental illness including dementia, Current opinion in supportive and palliative care,vol. 8, no. 3, pp.303-07. Pehrson, A.L., Leiser, S.C., Gulinello, M., Dale, E., Li, Y., Waller, J.A. Sanchez, C., 2015, Treatment of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disordera review of the preclinical evidence for efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and the multimodal-acting antidepressant vortioxetine, European journal of pharmacology,vol. 753, pp.19-31. Taylor, W.D., 2014, Depression in the elderly, New England journal of medicine,vol. 371, no. 13, pp.1228-36.

Meteorological Hazards in Aviation

Introduction Throughout its history, the aviation industry has had a close but unpleasant relationship with the vagrancies of weather (Vickers et al., 2001). Indeed, it has been proved that weather is the single largest contributor to delays and a foremost factor in aircraft disasters and incidents, implying that real-time weather information is substantially critical for hazardous weather avoidance in aviation operations (Witiw, Lanier Crooks, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Meteorological Hazards in Aviation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weather continues to exact its toll on the aviation sector, particularly when this argument is viewed in the context of past accidents that have been reported in mainstream media as caused by either meteorological hazards or a combination of human factors and weather elements (Broc et al., 2005; World Meteorological Association, 2007). The present paper critically di scusses some of the well known meteorological hazards in the aviation industry. Concept Definition Meteorology has been described as â€Å"†¦the science of the atmosphere, a sea of air that is in a constant state of flux† (Vickers et al., 2001, p. ix). Within this science exists a wide allay of weather/climatic conditions arising from natural interactions with other factors, products and byproducts, but which triggers a set of hazards that may prove disastrous to the aviator who must operate within the precincts of the atmosphere (Simpson et al., 2002). It is reported in the literature that no one is immune to the everyday oscillations of these meteorological hazards as they sweep across huge sections of the globe before dissipating (Vickers et al., 2001). Meteorological Hazards in Aviation Available literature demonstrates that there exists a multiplicity of weather conditions that qualify as hazards in aviation due to the scope and context of the dangers they present t o the industry (Broc et al., 2005). Some of the most predominant ones include icing, volcanic ash, poor visibility, windshear, heavy rains, lee waves, fronts, thunderstorms, cold weather and deformation zone (World Meteorological Association, 2007). This section samples a few of these meteorological hazards in aviation. Windshear Witiw et al (2003) describe the windshear as â€Å"†¦a sudden shift in wind direction, velocity, or both† (p. 131). These authors also report that the most aggressive expression of the condition occurs in a microburst, which is an intense downburst of cool air generated by, or released from, a large convective cloud. The World Meteorological Organization (2007) defines windshear as â€Å"†¦layers or columns of air, flowing with different velocities (i.e. speed and/or direction) to adjacent layers or columns† (p. 1). Windshear is a foremost hazard for low, slow flying aircraft in either the approach or departure phases due to the comp licated wind patterns occasioned by the downdrafts. As the aircraft glides through the microburst it stumbles upon intense headwinds accompanied by a substantial increase in aerodynamic drift and successive severe downdrafts, ultimately causing it to experience a rapid loss of lift and crash into the ground (Witiw et al., 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, some of the detrimental hazards caused by windshear include: 1) loss of aerodynamic lift and airspeed, making the aircraft to plunge into the ground before corrective action is taken by the flight crew, 2) turbulence especially in light aircraft, and 3) structural damage to the aircraft (Witiw et al., 2003; World Meteorological Organization, 2007). In the United States, the National Transport Safety Board (NTSB) database reveals that nearly 250 accidents involving U.S. aircrafts have been attributed to windshear, wi th 30 of them reported as major (Witiw et al., 2003). Thunderstorms Although one of the most beautiful atmospheric phenomenon (Harding, 2011), extant literature demonstrates that â€Å"†¦no other weather encountered by a pilot can be as violent or threatening as a thunderstorm† (Vickers et al., 2001, p.34). Indeed, thunderstorms generate more threats to the aviation industry and it is always important for the flight crew, air transport safety agencies, meteorologists and other interested stakeholders to not only understand their scope and context, but also how to deal with them effectively. Thunderstorms are generated by the coming together of several ingredients, including: 1) unbalanced air mass, 2) atmospheric moisture in the low levels, 3) some triggering mechanism, e.g. daytime heating or upper level cooling, and 4) other related meteorological vagrancies such as windshear (Vickers et al., 2001). These ingredients interact through a process called convection (transp ort of heat energy) to produce thunderstorms that basically attempt to correct the imbalance generated when the atmosphere becomes heated unevenly (Harding, 2011). It is important to note that there exist different types of thunderstorms that affect the aviation industry. Some of the most common types of include: 1) air mass thunderstorms – form within a worm, moist air mass and are non-frontal in character, 2) frontal thunderstorms – form either as a result of a frontal surface lifting an unbalanced air mass or a stable air mass becoming unbalanced due to the lifting, 3) squall line thunderstorms – aggressive combinations of strong winds, hail, rain and lighting, 4) orographic thunderstorms – occur when moist, unbalanced air is forced up a mountain slope at high pressure, and 5) nocturnal thunderstorms – develop during or persist all night (Vickers et al., 2001). Thunderstorms have the capability to generate hazards that can cause untold suffering in the aviation industry. For instance, â€Å"†¦all thunderstorms can produce severe turbulence, low level windshear, low ceilings and visibilities, hail and lighting† (Harding, 2011, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Meteorological Hazards in Aviation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is not uncommon to hear news of aircraft that get lost in severe thunderstorms or helicopters that get struck by lightning, implying that each of these conditions can be potentially catastrophic (Broc et al., 2005). Other hazards generated by thunderstorms include ruthless clear icing, extremely profound precipitation, and dangerous electrical releases within and near the thunderstorm cell (Vickers et al., 2001; World Meteorological Organization, 2007). Visibility It is reported in the literature that reduced visibility is the meteorological element which impacts aviation operations the most through cancelled f lights, accidents as well as incidents (Vickers et al., 2001). These authors posit that the aviation industry uses various types of visibility, which include: 1) horizontal visibility – the furthest visibility achieved horizontally in a particular direction by referencing objects or lights at known distances, 2) prevailing visibility – the ground level visibility which is common to one-half or more of the horizon loop, 3) vertical visibility – the maximum visibility achieved by looking vertically upwards into a surface-based impediment such as mist or snow, 4) slant visibility – visibility achieved by looking forward and downwards from the cockpit of the aircraft, and 5) flight visibility – the standard range of visibility at any given time forward form the cockpit of an aircraft in flight. Reduced visibility is caused by a multiplicity of factors, including lithometers (dry particles suspended in the atmosphere, such as haze, smoke, sand and dust) , precipitation, fog (radiation fog, frontal fog, steam fog, advection fog and ice fog), as well as snow squalls and streamers (Vickers et al., 2001). As already mentioned, low visibility leads to flight cancellations, fuel wastage as aircraft is unable to land in designated destination, aircraft damage in midair collisions, and deaths resulting from aircraft accidents (Watson, Ramirez Salud, 2009). Volcanic Ash The 2011 massive flight cancellations in Europe that were triggered by airborne volcanic ash from the Grimsvotn volcano in Iceland prove that volcanic ash is a major hazard to aviation safety at all levels. Indeed, â€Å"†¦like fine-grained mineral dust, volcanic ash affects radiative forcing and climate, public health, vegetation, and can cause property damage and disruption to community infrastructure† (Hadley, Hufford Simpson, 2004, p. 829). The major problem with volcanic ash emanates from the fact that onboard aircraft radars are unable to detect concentra ted ash within or near eruption plumes, leading to life-threatening encounters, huge losses in flight cancellations, and aircraft damage (Simpson et al., 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The damage caused by volcanic ash often calls for expensive repairs or total equipment replacement, thus it is of outmost importance for flight crew to ensure total avoidance of the ash for flight safety. What’s more, the pumice material contained in volcanic dust acts to abrade the aircraft’s leading edges (i.e. wings, struts, and turbine blades) to a point where the aircraft can cause a fatal accident if no replacement is done (Vickers et al., 2001). Icing or Icy Weather Schreiner (2007) acknowledges that â€Å"†¦icy weather, including ice pellets and cloud droplets that freeze on contact, affects air travel all over the world, especially during colder months† (p. 152). Aircraft icing takes place when supercooled water droplets from the atmosphere hit an aircraft whose body temperature is colder than 0oC, crystallizing into ice and occasioning serious detrimental effects that often expose an aviator to the real probability of causing an accident (World Me teorological Association, 2007). The two most important meteorological factors that affect icing include liquid water content of the cloud and temperature structure in the cloud. Some of the detrimental effects caused by icing include: 1) restriction of visibility as windshear glazes over, 2) disturbance of the smooth laminar air flow over the aircraft wings, occasioning a decrease in lift and an increase in the stall speed, 3) increase in aircraft weight and drug, hence decreasing fuel efficiency, and 4) incomplete or absolute blockage of pitot heads and static ports, thereby allowing erroneous instrument readings (Vickers et al., 2001). A study conducted by the NTSB demonstrates that approximately 819 people lost their lives in accidents linked to in-flight icing between 1982 and 2000 (Schreiner, 2007). Heavy Rain Although there is no agreed upon definition regarding rainfall intensity, heavy rainfall is defined in the literature as rates in excess of 4 mm per hours, while heavy s howers are perceived as rates in excess of 10 mm per hour (World Meteorological Association, 2007). Heavy showers, which are often associated with thunderstorms, qualify to be seen in the context of a meteorological hazard to aircraft due to their capacity to not only reduce physical and canopy/windscreen visibility, but also permit water ingestion into the cabin/cockpit/engine partitions of light, non pressurized aircraft, thereby endangering the effective and efficient operations of electronic equipment within the aircraft. There exists a possibility for aircraft turbine engines to ‘flame out’ and cause destructive effects under conditions of extreme rainfall and subsequent water ingestion (World Meteorological Association, 2007). Additionally, it has been reported that intense rainfall affects aircraft braking mechanism and may cause the aircraft to skid off the runway during takeoff and landing (Vickers et al., 2001). Duststorms/Sandstorms Duststorms and sandstorms, according to the World Meteorological Association (2007), are regions of raised dust and sand due to intense wind activity. The particles are propelled to different altitudes depending on the speed, instability and resolution of the wind flow, in line with the principle that smaller and lighter elements are lifted more readily and to much more elevated altitudes than weighty elements. Duststorms and sandstorms bring potentially destructive outcomes in aviation, such as reduced visibility, reduction of engine power in the event of dust and sand ingestion into aircraft engines, costly repairs, and aircraft crash in the event of a complete engine lockdown (Hadley et al., 2004; World Meteorological Association, 2007). Conclusion The paper set out to critically discuss some of the well known meteorological hazards in the aviation industry. It has been sufficiently demonstrated how normal meteorological processes, such as windshear, thunderstorms, visibility, volcanic ash, icing, heavy r ain, as well as duststorms and sandstorms, operate to become potential hazards in aviation. The potentially destructive outcomes arising from the different meteorological processes have been discussed at length, with the results demonstrating that many meteorological hazards lead to loss of life through aircraft accidents, loss of profits through frequent flight cancellations and rescheduling, loss of aircraft through structural damages, as well as costly repairs. It should therefore be the task of meteorology experts to conduct intense awareness campaigns in the aviation industry regarding the serious issues posed by meteorological vulnerabilities. Reference List Broc, A., Delannoy, A., Montreuil, E., Lalande, P., Laroche, P. (2005). Lighting strike to helicopters during winter thunderstorms over North Sea. Aerospace Science Technology, 9(8), 686-691. Hadley, D., Hufford, G.L., Simpson, J.J. (2004). Resuspension of relic volcanic ash and dust from Katmai: Still an aviation hazar d. Weather Forecasting, 19(5), 829-840. Harding, K. (2011). Thunderstorm formation and aviation hazards. National Weather Service. Retrieved from https://aviationweather.gov/general/pubs/front/docs/jul-11.pdf Schreiner, P. (2007). Enhanced icing product to guide aircraft around hazards. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 88(2), 152-154. Simpson, J.J., Hufford, G.L., Pieri, D., Servranckx, R., Berg, J.S., Baver, C. (2002). The February 2001 eruption of Mount Cleveland, Alaska: A case study of an aviation hazard. Weather Forecasting, 17(4) 691-704. Vickers, G., Buzza, S., Schimidt, A., Mullock, J. (2001). The weather of the Canadian Prairies. Ottawa, Ontario: NAV Canada. Watson, A., Ramirez, C.V., Salud, E. (2009). Predicting visibility of aircraft. PLoS ONE, 4(5), 1-16. Witiw, M.R., Lanier, R.C., Crooks, K.A. (2003). Integrating human factors into the human-computer interface: How best to display meteorological information for critical aviation decision-making and performance. Journal of Air Transportation, 8(2), 129-138. World Meteorological Organization. (2007). Aviation Hazards. WMO/TD-No. 1390. Web. This essay on Meteorological Hazards in Aviation was written and submitted by user M1cr0ch1p to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Voice Controlled Computer Technology Essay

Voice Controlled Computer Technology Essay Voice Controlled Computer Technology Essay In the wake of this techno-savvy generation, we bring to market a revolutionary computer product. Most computers in existence can barely use voice controlled mechanism in serving the user, but what we have brought to the people can use voice and help the owner carry out diverse activities through speaking. The traditional over reliance on keys to navigate the web, undertake online search and pose questions expecting answers is taken through a paradigm shift to speaking. IMC bring to the public a new experience in the computer technology and strives to ensure that one gets the value of his money. Consumers are able to access any other relevant information and post enquiries any time through the mail that will be provided. Daily media display will feature in local dailies and top television channels across the world. As a result, ultra-modern approach to information and communication technology is brought to your satisfaction. The Voice Controlled technology in the computer is installed in the other communication gadgets like Smartphones, and this is the similar design in the new brand of computers. The procedure to make this dream realization is exceedingly simple. It will even make the computer more of like a pet by assigning a name to it say, â€Å"Butty†. When one has this feature in the computer, many things can be accomplished at the instant of mere speaking with utmost convenience and high efficiency. This technology is customer focused and more practical to the increasing need of communication in the contemporary society. It is an instant problem solver, and user-friendly thereby certify the general social philosophy of man to provide services to humanity. Adoption of this new technology today will help one get things done without sitting and pressing the computer keyboard. Our essay writers can prepare a custom paper on this topic. Visit and hire the best academic writer starting at $13/page!

Tort Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tort Assignment - Essay Example Dickman. In Donoghue, Lord Atkin spoke in his judgment: â€Å"You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be – persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in my contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called into questions.† ([1932] AC 562 at p 580). This is known as the Neighbour Principle. In Anns, Lord Wilberforce identified the loss suffered by the complainants as material physical damage. Two (2) stages were laid down to establish the obligation: (1) whether or not, in a reasonable foresight of the defendant, lack of care may cause damage, injury or loss to the defendant. If in the positive, then there is a prima facie duty to care; and (2) in case of an affirmative answer, is there a necessity to limit the extent of said obligation. An example of the first test is the digging up of a big hole large enough to accommodate an adult. By leaving the hole open, it can be reasonably foreseen that any blind man without any companion may fall on said hole. Undoubtedly, there is an obligation on the part of the one who dug up the whole. On the other hand, an example of the second test is the injury suffered by a suspect of a robbery in the hands of a policeman who caught him in the act but attempted to fight back. Despite the injury suffered by the suspect, the policeman cannot be held liable because the injury was caused by his performance of duty. In Caparo, the two tests laid down in Anns were expanded, adding the following: is it fair to impose upon the defendant the obligation to care towards the complainant? Applying the above principles in the instant case, the liabilities of the parties are as follows: Arsane is liable for his tortious act. As mentioned earlier, every person is liable for the co nsequences of his acts. Here, Arsane knew as a carpenter that the wooden floor may have inflammable materials. He is supposed to understand that cigarette is not allowed in the workplace because it can become a source of fire. Presumably, Arsane knows his obligation to take good care of the premises as well as the materials therein. A duty to care exists on the part of Arsane, not just as a worker but also as a co-worker. However, since Arsane was very much taken away by the music, he allowed himself to light a cigarette and much worse, threw the same while still lighted, indoors! Such an act of gross negligence is definitely a clear breach of obligation to care. Arsane has absolutely no defence to justify his tortious act. Such an act of negligence caused severe damage. First, to Sir Dino, who suffered loss of properties and potential income. Second, to Benger, who suffered material physical damage due to loss of his right foot. However, Arsane cannot be made liable for the nervous shock suffered by Benger’s wife, twin sister, and mother due to lack of proximity. Although the nervous shock suffered by the three was directly related to the injury suffer

Choose one from 6 topics, I attatched files Essay

Choose one from 6 topics, I attatched files - Essay Example The father has as well as left and the mother’s departure is also a reflection of the search for their father. The two sister are left with the aunt they do not know and presents a hostile environment hence validating their minority as reflected in the minor transnationalism. Their children are left long before they could realize the reason for the desertion. The girls are portrayed as scrubbing and cleaning for their aunt to fill the plastic piggy bank that will lead to their reunion with their mother. The idea of the minor transnationalism is validated, in this case, the two sisters have both engaged with as well as against the others who are the majority as they put efforts to fill the plastic piggy bank. Their engagement is in line with the provisions of the minor transnationalism as it shows a vertical framework of opposition and assimilation. Indeed, he paper also showcases how these young characters engage with both majority and other minority cultures. For example, their aunt represents the majority and their grandmother who they sympathize with depicts their engagement with other minorities. Their desertion is evident as the elder sister washes her sibling to prevent her from feeling a state of desertion. The two sisters are however sold grasshoppers to care for themselves as they await the return of their mother despite being i n a diaspora. The younger sister is in a state of withdrawal; however, her elder sister tries to make her happy as she takes the role of parenting her. The sisters must thrive to come to terms with their isolation or minority status. The sisters know the threats of the external environment they live. Jin shows affection for her sister despite desperately feeling abandoned but have little knowledge about their situation. Thus, the characters fit the minor transnationalism description as they fight creatively despite being minority to fill their piggy bank as they know that will bring their mother back. On

Universal Preschool Essay Example for Free

Universal Preschool Essay In the Spring of the 2006/2007 school year, Hillary Clinton made a stop to a Miami Beach elementary school where she tool student and the press that, â€Å"As president, I will establish universal pre-kindergarten education†¦so that every four-year-old child in America can attend a government-funded preschool† (Miller, 2007, p. 48). Although this proclamation may seem somewhat odd given all of the challenges currently facing America’s public education system, the reality is that support and momentum for universal preschool programs has increased dramatically in recent years while more political and community leaders pushing for government sponsored universal preschool programs. With the realization the universal preschool programs have become such an important issue for the development of American public education, there is a direct impetus to examine the current reasons for such notable changes in attitudes toward these programs. Using this as a basis for investigation, this research seeks to provide a more integral understanding of the reasons for universal preschool programs and the benefits and drawbacks of these proposals. This research concludes with a discussion of who should pay for these preschool programs and what steps should be taken to ensure that they are uniformly implemented in all school districts. Literature Review Reasons for Universal Preschool  Although the push for the development of universal preschool is not new, a critical review of the current interest in the type of schooling suggests that there are a myriad of reasons as to why policymakers and educators are aggressively pursing policies to develop these programs. With this in mind, it is important to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature by examining the wide range of reasons that have been offered for the development of these programs. By examining the reasons behind the current push for universal preschool programs, it will be possible to demonstrate why these programs have become so popular in recent years. Ashford (2007) in her review of the popularity of universal preschool programs argues that these programs have become so important in recent years because of consistent data which suggests that notable achievement gaps in the current education system continue to persist. As reported by this author, â€Å"The growing recognition that efforts to reduce the achievement gap must start way before children enter kindergarten is driving a renewed interest in universal preschool† (p. 22). Ashford goes on to report that the achievement gaps that manifest in the early levels of elementary education often persist over the course of the child’s education. Thus, alleviating these gaps is essential for improving outcomes for student achievement and educational success. Dellinger, Osorio and Hybner (2007) in their review of universal preschool programs also report that educators are now widely supporting the mover toward this educational paradigm. As reported by these authors, â€Å"Claiming that its needed to help boost early test scores to meet NCLBs testing requirements, [teacher’s] unions are urging states to provide costly preschool programs, pushing more toddlers into classrooms† (p. 17). Dellinger and coworkers go on to report that the mandates set forth in under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation have placed so much pressure on educators to ensure learning outcomes for students that many educators now believe that universal preschool is the most salient means to help bolster learning outcomes and provide the support needed for students to perform well on NCLB assessments. In addition to the fact that educators now believe that universal preschool is imperative for improving outcomes of standardized tests required under NCLB, Dellinger, et al. (2007) further report that current data on academic outcomes for children enrolled in preschool programs suggests that these programs can have significant ramifications for improving long-term student achievement. According to these authors, studies demonstrate that â€Å"four-year-olds benefit from high-quality preschool programs, since those who attend preschool are less likely to need special-education classes or to drop out of school, and they are more likely to graduate from high school† (p. 9). Thus, providing universal preschool programs will have marked benefits for ensuring the long-term success of all students enrolled in the public school system. Additionally, Zigler and Finn-Stevenson (2007) report that current problems with the American education system have been traced to the lack of quality and uniformity in preschool programs that are currently in place in the US. As noted by these scholars: A major national problem is that we have no system in place o oversee the learning environments of young children before school entry. Rather, we have a mix of fragmented services, some providing part-day preschool and others all-day, year-round child care for children whose parents are working. Multiple funding streams support the programs, and a variety of provider contexts exist†¦ Of significance is the general lack of quality that characterizes this nonsystem and the fact that the majority of preschool children attend child care programs that are of poor or mediocre quality (p. 176). What this effectively suggests is that with no uniform standards in place, children are not receiving the same quality of preschool education. The development and implementation of a universal preschool program would help alleviate many of these disparities. Further, Tucker (2007) argues that the impetus to develop and implement a universal preschool system stems from the global changes that are occurring in the context of the job market. According to Tucker, the US is currently not able to compete with other countries such as China and Japan when it comes to well educated workforces. Given that labors must compete for jobs in both a national and international context, providing students with the education competitive advantage that they need to secure jobs is essential not only for the well being and livelihood of the individual, but also for the successful development of the US economy. Thus, providing universal preschool would provide students with a competitive advantage for workforce development which would enable the US to compete more uniformly with other industrialized nations. Other scholars have also considered the importance of preparing students to compete in the modern workforce. In particular one author reports that the achievement gaps between students in the US and students in foreign countries continue to grow because the US education system does not provide the right tools and supports for ensuring that students have the skills needed to compete with students from other countries (Preparing today’s†¦, 2007). While this author reports that there are a host of changes that must be made to improve the quality and context of education offered in the US, the development and implementation of quality universal preschool programs is viewed as a central tenet for ensuring better outcomes for American students (Preparing today’s†¦, 2007). Benefits of Universal Preschool  With a basic review of the reasons spurring the development of universal preschool programs provided, it is now possible to consider the overall benefits that have been reported through the use of these programs. One scholar examining a recent study released from the Economic Policy Institute reports that a study of uniform preschool programs for 3 and 4-year-olds provide cost benefit outcomes that can be seen in less than 10 years after implementation (States reap†¦, 2007). These programs will in turn save states, not to mention the federal government, billions of dollars spanning several decades† (p. 7). The Economic Policy Institute further found that the turn around time for benefits is much faster in some cases; in universal preschool programs developed in Connecticut for example, the program pays off immediately, within one year of implementation (States reap†¦, 2007). Hoff (2007) also attempts to provide some insight into the financial benefits that can be garnered though the development and implementation of universal preschool programs. As reported by this author, â€Å"The nation would reap more than twice the cost of wide-scale adoption of effective pre-K-12 educational interventions, resulting in a gain of $45 billion from increased tax revenues and reduced social costs over the lifetime of high school graduates†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 5). Although this data makes it difficult to quantify the specific returns that could be acquired through the implementation of new pre-Kindergarten programs, this data does indicate that when comprehensive pre-Kindergarten are included in public education, the total cost savings for educational services across the entire scope of public education can be markedly reduced. Another potential benefit of universal preschool that has been reported in the literature is the ability of these programs to help alleviate long-term social and economic problems for children. Specifically, Duncan, Ludwig and Magnuson (2007) argued that for disadvantaged children, preschool programs can provide the support needed to reduce the impact of poverty. As reported by these authors, the preschool environment is one that is typically positive and markedly different from the one that children from poor, urban neighborhoods experience. This positive experience during early childhood, when the cognitive, behavioral and social development of the child is taking place can have a marked impact on the child, creating a solid foundation for academic success. Students living in poverty that experience this type of success in education will be more successful and less likely to perpetuate the cycle of poverty over the long-term. Drawbacks of Universal Preschool Despite the fact that there is ample evidence which suggests that both financial and academic benefits can be garnered from the development and implementation of universal preschool programs, Buchanan (2007) notes that there are some notable drawbacks when it comes to securing the funding for these programs. As reported by this author the cost of development universal preschool programs can be quite expensive, especially for school districts whose budgets are already stretched thin. In an effort to deal with this issue, Buchanan reports that 23 of the 42 states the currently have lottery programs in place have earmarked lottery monies for the development of new educational programs. While this gamble can provide needed funding for the development of new preschool programs, Buchanan asserts that utilizing lottery funds represents a notable gamble and there is no guarantee that the funding source will remain stable over the long-term. In addition to the funding challenges that exist with respect to universal preschool programs, Jacobson (2007) reports that current efforts to understand the long-term impact of preschool programs indicates mixed results overall. Specifically, this author notes the results of Goldwater Institute study which demonstrated that â€Å"reading and math scores for 3rd graders who had been in preschool or full-day kindergarten were higher than those for students who had not been in such programs. But by the time the children who had attended full-day kindergarten or preschool reached 5th grade, their scores were comparable to those of other students† (p. 3). What this effectively suggests is that while universal preschool may provide some short-term gains for academic achievement, there is no evidence which suggests these gains will be maintained over the long-term. Finally, Miller (2007) argues that developing universal preschool programs will not resolve the current educational gaps that are prevalent in America’s system of public education. According to this author, â€Å"On recent standardized language tests, fourth graders finished north of the 70th percentile, topping their peers in 26 of 35 countries† (p. 48). Miller asserts that while this clearly suggests that there is room for improvement, larger gaps in education occur later in the educational system, suggesting that improving middle and high school education programs would have move value for effectively reducing the achievement gap. Miller asserts that early elementary education in the US does not need further support for achieving improved academic outcomes for students. Funding for Universal Preschool The final issue that must be addressed in the context of this investigation is funding for universal preschool. A cursory overview of the current data on funding for universal preschool suggests that efforts to providing funding in this area should come from state and federal governments. Levin and Schwartz (2007)in his review of current preschool education programs notes that there are two segments of the population that currently receive support for preschool education: wealthy students whose parents can afford preschool education and children that live below the poverty line and qualify for federally funded preschool programs such as head start. For families that have incomes that fall within the national average (approximately $42,000 annually) access to affordable, quality preschool is not possible. Thus, providing funding for all children through government programs appears to be the most salient means to ensure that all students have access to the uniform, quality preschool. Due to the fact that the development of universal preschool programs would require the incorporation of these programs into existing school districts, state governments would bear the most financial responsibility for these programs. However, as reported by Ashford (2007) the federal government could provide grant monies to offset the costs of universal preschool programs and ease the financial burdens that these programs may place on less affluent states. Similar funding structures are currently in place for Children’s Health Insurance Programs (CHIP) which provide free or low-cost health instance for children and teenagers. Although this type of funding scheme has been widely supported by proponents of universal preschool, other methods of funding for these types of preschool programs have been proposed as well. Witte (2007) in his review of the specific programs that should be used for funding universal preschool argues that a voucher system should be used in order to ensure that children from low income and middle class families have access to and can receive a quality preschool education. Under this proposed voucher system, Witte notes that students that are unable to afford preschool would be given vouchers by the state to attend the preschool of their choice. This type of program would help ensure that the state and federal governments could reduce the overall cost of burden of developing and maintaining universal preschool programs for all students. Additionally under this program, families from higher socioeconomic backgrounds would be required to help defray the costs of their child’s preschool education. Conclusion Synthesizing all of the data provided in this investigation, it becomes evident that the push for universal preschool has been supported by educators, policymakers and parents all across the United States. Despite what appears to be widespread support for these programs however, research does indicate that there are some notable drawbacks which continue to limit the efficacy and development of these programs. In addition to the fact that universal preschool programs carry with them considerable costs, research on these programs suggests that the benefits of universal preschool may be significantly limited over the long-term. Given the concrete barriers that exist when it comes to developing universal preschool programs, it is easy to understand why these programs have not become part of federal policy on public education. The challenges that modern students face in terms of both meeting educational standards and competing with students from other countries clearly warrants changes to improve public education. While current research suggests that universal preschool may provide some support for improving overall educational outcomes, the reality is that only time will tell if these programs are able to maintain their popularity. As costs increase and funding for these programs becomes an issue, policymakers, parents and taxpayers will have to make critical choices about the efficacy of these programs and their importance for improving public education.

Cuban Communism :: Communism Essays

â€Å"Japan’s imperial experience was different from that of the West in Asia and Africa in several fundamental ways.† (Bruce Cummings) Is it a valid categorisation of Japanese rule in Korea? Identify some of the main differences between Japanese colonialism and Western colonialism. Illustrate your answer with examples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imperialism has existed for many years and has displayed many differing forms. It is a naturally occurring event that has a vast and complex history. Major world powers have been striving to expand their relative power and at the same time provide for their people. From the earliest civilizations groups of individuals set out to improve their well being at the expense of others. When examining more modern imperialism there is little variation from this view. Countries all over the world depend on their colonies to meet the needs of their nation. The world has become transformed and many changes have occurred based on situations resulting from imperialism. There are processes towards basic imperialism that can be labelled as fundamental. Japan’s imperial experience in Korea, for example, differs from what the â€Å"West† experienced in Africa and Asia in several ways. The 19th and 20th centuries displayed a great amount of expansion and the countries of the West were hea vily responsible for this experience. Japan, however, played a key role in the history of imperialism as they joined in the fight for world power. First of all, Japan’s experience is different from the West’s in that it was more of a reactionary decision to expand, while the West had strong, rational motives to do so. Secondly, Japan’s choices in altering Korea’s society by such drastic measures are more powerful than how most of the West approached controlling their many colonies. Thirdly, the West did not have to deal with the outside interference and resistance that Japan was accustomed to near the end of their rule over Korea. Fourthly, Japan and Korea are two closely related countries. Their societies are similar and their geographical locations are very close to each other. The West, on the other hand, does not typically have this attachment with its colonies and the effects are noticeable. Lastly, because Japan had a history of Emperor worship the ways in which the country approached imperialism is affected in ways not applicable to the West. These differing aspects of rule displayed by Japan and the West clearly promote Bruce Cummings take on the matter of imperial experiences in the modern era.

Jane Eyre: a Critical Analysis of Gender Relations in Victorian Literature

Jane Eyre: A Critical Analysis of Gender Relations in Victorian Literature Modern society tends to view the Victorian era as one of oppression and constraint, despite the social and cultural upheaval of the time. This contradiction refers, in large, to the constraints imposed on the female gender. Women in Victorian England were viewed as inferior to their male counterparts, and were allocated clearly defined roles within society. Their treatment is a subject that is explored and critiqued throughout the literature of the time, and subsequent analysis by literary commentators.As Maynard comments (1984); ‘Few observers of the Victorian Scene have failed to point out the unusual degree of sexual restraint imposed upon social life and published literature’. However, it is in the work of the Bronte sisters that one witnesses the most comprehensive, and sometimes startling account of the social and gender restraints of the time. This paper will concentrate on the novel Jane E yre, written by Charlotte Bronte, and published in 1847 under the pseudonym Currer Bell.The adoption of a male pseudonym in itself reflects an underlying social prejudice towards female novelists, as outlined by the author; ‘Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our own names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell†¦ while we did not like to declare ourselves women†¦ we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice’ (Smith, 2000). This somewhat disturbing observation by the author sets the tone of the novel itself, and implies what it is exactly that set the Bronte sisters apart from their contemporaries; their ‘unfeminine’ style of writing.Jane Eyre is, in effect, a love story, and concentrates on the main character’s quest to find true love. It cannot be classed, however, as a solely romantic novel as the character’s quest for love involves a struggle for equal treatment, social acceptance , and value. In doing so, she questions and refuses to conform to an array of social norms associated with the era. Jane’s desire to be loved is evident in the opening stages of the story, in her conversation with Helen Burn’s; ‘if others don't love me I would rather die than live†¦I would willingly submit to have the bone of my arm broken, or to let a bull toss me, or to stand behind a kicking horse, and let it dash its hoof at my chest’ (Bronte, 1847). This somewhat distressing insight into the young Eyre’s mindset captures her quest for ‘true love’, as opposed to the loveless relationships and marriages associated with the time. This association is witnessed by Jane’s eventual husband, Mr Rochester, in his first marriage;   Ã¢â‚¬ËœBertha Antoinette Mason, she was wanted by my father for her fortune. I hardly spoke with her before the wedding. I lived with her for 4 years.Her temper ripened, her vices sprang up, violent and unchaste’ (Bronte, 1847). Rochester’s summary of the ‘marriage’ is a disturbing insight into the arranged, and socially acceptable, marriages of the time. Bronte sets her protagonist apart from her peers in her views of love, but further cements this difference in her continued criticism of the attitudes of the Victorian class. This is apparent in chapter 17 in particular, when she questions her growing feelings for Mr Rochester; ‘You have nothing to do with the master of Thornfield, further than to receive the salary he gives you for teaching his protege†¦. o don't make him the object of your fine feelings’. (Bronte, 1847) It becomes clear, however, that despite Jane’s attempts to restrain her emotions, she is fighting a losing battle and is becoming increasingly enraptured with Mr Rochester, reacting in a heated manner upon receipt of a letter from him; ‘And while she broke the seal and perused the document, I went on t aking my coffee†¦ Why my hand shook, and why I involuntarily spilt half the contents of my cup into my saucer, I did not choose to consider’ (Bronte, 1847).Jane’s employment as a governess by Mr Rochester further complicates her situation and her increasing love for her employer. Hedgecock summarises the role of the governess in Victorian society (2008): ‘in ordinary Victorian life, the governess is the genteel spinster, self-effacing, having no ambitions outside the home in which she is subjected to a life of dependency’. Eyre, however, was not willing to conform to ‘ordinary Victorian life’, nor was she willing to fit the mould of the unassuming governess.Eyre’s constant struggle with her feelings for Rochester is impacted throughout by the norms of society at the time, and her resilience to them. She is unwilling to marry Rochester while Bertha is still in the picture, as it would equate her to a mistress, a position that she wh olly disapproves of and one which Rochester wishes her to take: ‘As a married man you will shun me, keep out of my way: just now you have refused to kiss me’. (Bronte, 1847). Despite Eyre eventually marrying Rochester, when his wife has passed away, she refuses throughout to conform to and comply with the social etiquette of the time.Just like her creator, she is almost masculine throughout the novel, thus portrayed through her personal values and strength of character. It can be understood that Charlotte Bronte depicted herself through the life of Jane Eyre, and used her fictional character as one whom modelled and almost mimicked Bronte as a person. Eyre possessed the same strong drive in seeking equality and independence as a woman. Her refusal in accepting the conformities of the time mirrors Bronte.Bernstein (1997) sets the scene for those non-familiar with the Victorian era: ‘in the larger cultural context of Victorian England in which women are not accorded by law or by custom much opportunity to act on their own behalf’. This supports the motive behind Bronte and her actions. It portrays the gender roles, which strongly influenced people’s behaviour and identities. This ‘social rule’ fuelled women’s endurance of the condescending attitudes about a woman’s place, intelligence, and voice. Thus, in turn, Jane became subjected to an uphill battle to become independent and recognized for her personal qualities.Bronte attempts to illustrate how personal virtues are better indicators of character than class. The red-room mentioned in the novel is a metaphorical image for Jane’s entrapment in the life she is expected to lead. A life of entrapment from society, limiting her freedom due to her independent streak, race and foremost – gender. Eyre’s struggles in attempting to overcome the oppression are all of a display through the feminine movement, in which the Bronte sisters each p layed a significant role in setting off. Eyre displays characteristics of masculinity, such of which in Victorian era would only be confined to that of male prominence.The strong connection made between both author and character is evident to the reader. In conclusion, Jane Eyre captures the struggle and oppression faced by the women of Victorian Britain. Despite the eventual happy-ending to the novel, the lead character is forced to overcome strict social and gender restrictions in order to be with her true love. We see throughout the novel, however, that Eyre is an exceptional character at the time and represents only a small number of women who were quietly moving against society’s expectations of them.Charlotte, the eldest of the Bronte sisters, received reputably the most critical recognition with her creation, Jane Eyre. Overall, the three Bronte sisters are highly known in English literature for their historical prominence that made them significant to the era of the V ictorians. Their livelihood painted the path in which their work followed and their upbringing greatly influenced their beliefs and outlooks. The three sister’s strong and willing characteristics aided them in delivering what can be perceived as staples in literature, and for centuries become only stronger with growth and eminence.As Winnifrith (1988) stated; ‘the Brontes had the courage to break away from the almost universal belief that sinners merited eternal punishment’. This reflects upon their independence and strength in striving for their own beliefs and expressing their opinions. These opinions were of such strong stature, resulting in the power to in script their everlasting effect on the literature of the Victorian era and even on English literature as a whole. Bibliography Bernstein, Susan David. Confessional Subjects: Revelations of Gender and Power in Victorian Literature & Culture. USA: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.Bronte, Charlotte . Jane Eyre. United Kingdom: Smith, Elder and Co, 1847. Hedgecock, Jennifer. The Femme Fatale in Victorian Literature: The Danger and the Sexual Threat. New York: Cambria Press, 2008. Maynard, John. Charlotte Bronte and Sexuality. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Smith, Margaret. The Letters of Charlotte Bronte: Volume II: 1848-1851, with a selection of letters by family and friends. United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 2000. Winnifrith, Tom. The Brontes and their Background: Romance and Reality, Second Edition. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1988.

Essay Coming of Age in Society - 609 Words

When growing up most of us has heard the saying, â€Å"the apple does not fall far from the tree.† This quote is intended to tell a child that he or she is reflecting a trait similar to their parent. This quote does not only reflect children as they mirror their parents, but also how a society mirrors its government. As a child grows, he or she is taught to act a certain way through reinforcements given by the parents. Reinforcements can be either positive or negative. A parent gives their child a yellow sticker to reward him or her for picking up their toys. This is an example of a positive reinforcement because the parent wants the child to repeat that behavior. If a parent takes away a child’s toy to teach him or her that it is wrong to be†¦show more content†¦When a driver is pulled over for speeding, their license is taken away; therefore negative reinforcement is being used. As a child grow up, he or she is usually lectured by their parent about rules. Rules about curfew, television hours, computer hours, study hours, chores, and more. These rules are set to help the child be more like the parent. If a parent does not like the act of burping and believes it is improper, he or she may stop a child burping for the purpose of making the child act like them, the parent might say no burping inside the house in a very strict manner. Similar to a government, a government will make rules to help make society be more like the government. For example, the constitution is full of laws to which we as a society are supposed to follow. These rules were made by the government and therefore are in favor of the government’s expected behavior. If our society follows them, then aren’t we acting in favor of their behavior, which is how they behave? Sometime apples will fall far from the tree though, these are the rebellions. Going against a parent’s teaching and behavioral expectation is seen as bad and rebellious. 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